學測英文 混合題練習
威威老師小提醒
混合題是學測英文中最能拉開分數差距的題型！它不像選擇題可以「猜」，也不像翻譯作文那樣需要從零到有寫出英文。混合題考的是你的閱讀理解深度＋資訊整合能力＋書寫表達精準度。這 10 分，只要掌握方法，絕對是你拿滿分的機會！
一、什麼是混合題？
混合題是 108 課綱上路後學測英文新增的題型，占整份考卷 10 分。它的設計理念是：在同一篇閱讀文章之後，混合搭配不同類型的題目（填充、簡答、選擇、表格、排序），全面檢測考生的閱讀理解能力。
考試形式：
- 通常有 2 篇長篇文章（每篇約 200–350 字）
- 每篇文章後面跟著 3–5 個子題，題型不固定
- 子題可能包含選擇題（勾選）以及非選擇題（手寫填空、簡答）
- 整大題總分 10 分，分布在所有子題中
為什麼叫「混合題」？ 因為它「混合」了客觀題（選擇、填充有標準答案）與主觀題（簡答需要自己組織語言），也「混合」了不同的認知層次——從基本的事實查找，到推論判斷，再到摘要歸納。
小心陷阱
很多同學把混合題當成一邊讀一邊亂找答案的「配對遊戲」。錯了！混合題的正確解法是：先讀懂文章，再做題目。如果你跳過理解、直接跳題找關鍵字，你會發現——陷阱題就是專門設計給這種解法的！
二、五大題型攻略
1. 填充題（Fill in the Blanks）
考什麼？ 填充題要求你從文章中找出「原字原詞」填入空格。它考的是你能否精確定位文章中的關鍵資訊，並理解該資訊在題目語境中的對應關係。
威威老師小提醒
填充題的答案 99% 來自文章原文，不需要你自己換字或改寫！這是最基本但也最容易因為「抄錯位置」而失分的題型。
解題策略（Step by Step）：
- 讀題目空格的前後文：先看清楚空格前後在說什麼，判斷空格需要的是名詞、動詞、形容詞，還是數字。
- 在文章中定位關鍵詞：用題目中的關鍵詞回到文章找對應段落。關鍵詞通常是人名、地名、專有名詞、數字、或重複出現的核心概念。
- 比對語境，確認答案：找到候選詞之後，確認該詞在原文中的意思與題目空格的要求一致。注意單複數、時態是否需要調整（通常不需要，直接抄原文）。
- 檢查字數限制：有些題目會寫「限一字」或「限二字」，務必遵守。
範例
文章片段：
Honeybees perform a unique dance known as the “waggle dance” to inform other bees about the location of food sources. The angle of the dance indicates the direction relative to the sun, while the duration of the waggle phase signals the distance.
題目： Honeybees use the ”_____ dance” to communicate the _____ and distance of food sources to other members of the hive.
答案： waggle; location 詳解： 第一格需要形容詞修飾 dance，原文直接寫 “waggle dance”，所以填 waggle。第二格對應原文中 “the location of food sources”，且與後面的 distance 並列，所以填 location。
2. 簡答題（Short Answer）
考什麼？ 簡答題要求你用 1–2 句完整的英文句子回答問題。它考的是你的理解後重述能力（reading comprehension + paraphrasing），你必須讀懂文章中的某個概念，然後用自己的話寫出來。
小心陷阱
簡答題最忌諱的就是「整句照抄原文」！閱卷老師想看的是你「有沒有真正理解」，而不是你的抄寫能力。適度改寫（換字、換句型）才是高分的關鍵。
解題策略（Step by Step）：
- 讀懂問題：確認問題問的是 What、Why、How、還是 When/Where。這決定了你的答案結構。
- 在文章中找出答案資訊：通常答案資訊集中在 1–3 個句子中。把這些句子畫出來。
- 用自己的話改寫：換同義詞、調換語序、合併或拆解句子。不要整段照抄。
- 檢查文法與拼字：簡答題會扣文法錯誤！務必檢查主詞動詞一致、時態正確。
- 控制長度：1–2 句就夠了，不要寫成小作文。精準比長度重要。
範例
文章片段：
The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world’s largest coral reef system. It stretches over 2,300 kilometers and is home to more than 1,500 species of fish. However, rising ocean temperatures caused by climate change have led to widespread coral bleaching, threatening this delicate ecosystem.
題目： According to the passage, what is the main threat to the Great Barrier Reef and what causes it?
不佳答案（照抄）： The main threat to the Great Barrier Reef is widespread coral bleaching, and it is caused by rising ocean temperatures caused by climate change.
理想答案（改寫）： The main threat is coral bleaching, which results from rising ocean temperatures due to climate change.
詳解： 理想答案把 “widespread coral bleaching, threatening this delicate ecosystem” 簡化為 “coral bleaching”，並用 “which results from” 取代 “caused by”，用 “due to” 取代 “caused by”——換了句型也換了詞，證明你真正理解。
3. 表格完成題（Table Completion）
考什麼？ 表格完成題給你一個已經畫好框架的表格，部分格子已填好，部分留空。你必須從文章中提取資訊，填入正確的格子。這考的是你的資訊分類與結構化能力。
威威老師小提醒
表格完成題的關鍵是「看懂表格的框架邏輯」——橫軸和縱軸各自代表什麼分類標準？已填好的格子能給你很多線索！
解題策略（Step by Step）：
- 先看表格標題與欄位名稱：表格的橫軸（columns）和縱軸（rows）的標題告訴你這張表在整理什麼資訊。
- 觀察已填好的格子：已填的內容能幫助你判斷空格應該填入什麼類型的資訊（人名？年份？數字？因果關係？）。
- 在文章中分段搜尋對應資訊：表格中的每一列通常對應文章中的某一段或某一個描述對象。
- 填入關鍵詞即可，不必寫完整句子：表格填空中，填「詞」不填「句」，精簡為上。
- 檢查資訊一致性：同一欄的格子應該填入相同類型的資訊。
範例
文章片段：
Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity in recent years. Tesla, founded in 2003, is the market leader with over 1.3 million vehicles delivered in 2022. BYD, a Chinese company established in 1995, started as a battery manufacturer before entering the EV market. In 2022, BYD sold approximately 1.86 million electric vehicles worldwide.
題目： Complete the following table based on the passage.
| Company | Year Founded | EVs Delivered/Sold (2022) |
|---|---|---|
| Tesla | (1) _____ | (2) _____ |
| BYD | 1995 | approx. 1.86 million |
答案： (1) 2003 (2) over 1.3 million 詳解： 表格已經給出 BYD 的兩個資訊，所以特斯拉的資訊就是對應欄位的答案。第一欄是成立年份（Year Founded），對應原文 “Tesla, founded in 2003” → 2003。第二欄是 2022 年交車/銷售量，對應 “over 1.3 million vehicles delivered in 2022” → over 1.3 million。
4. 選擇題（Multiple Choice in Mixed Format）
考什麼？ 混合題中的選擇題通常考的是推論、主旨、作者態度、或細節判斷——這些是無法直接用「關鍵字搜尋」找到答案的題目，需要你真的讀懂文章。
解題策略（Step by Step）：
- 先讀題幹，確認考點類型：是主旨題（main idea）、推論題（inference）、態度題（tone/attitude）、還是細節是非題（true/false）？
- 排除明顯錯誤的選項：過於絕對（always, never, completely）、過於細節（只提到一小部分）、與文章矛盾——先刪掉。
- 回到文章驗證剩餘選項：用文章中的證據來確認最佳答案。
- 小心「部分對但部分錯」的陷阱選項：這種選項最危險，因為它看起來很合理，但有一處與文章不符。
小心陷阱
混合題的選擇題選項常常是「文章沒有說」不等於「錯」！如果你無法在文章中找到直接證據，該選項很可能是過度推論。正確答案一定能在文章中找到支持的證據。
範例
文章片段：
While many people believe that multitasking improves efficiency, research suggests otherwise. Studies conducted at Stanford University found that heavy multitaskers performed worse at filtering out irrelevant information and switching between tasks than those who focused on one task at a time. The brain, it turns out, is not designed to handle multiple complex tasks simultaneously.
題目： What is the author’s attitude toward multitasking? (A) Enthusiastic (B) Skeptical (C) Neutral (D) Confused
答案： (B) Skeptical 詳解： 作者用 “research suggests otherwise”（研究顯示並非如此）、“performed worse”（表現更差）、“the brain is not designed to handle”（大腦並非設計來處理）——這些都是負面評價，但又不是完全否定，所以是「懷疑的」(skeptical)，而不是中立的 (neutral)。
5. 句子/段落排序題（Sequencing）
考什麼？ 排序題給你一段被打亂順序的句子或段落，要求你根據邏輯關係（時間順序、因果關係、步驟流程等）排出正確順序。這考的是你對**篇章連貫性（coherence）與銜接性（cohesion）**的理解。
威威老師小提醒
排序題的祕訣是「找連接詞和代名詞」！代名詞（it, they, this, these）一定指向前文出現過的東西；連接詞（however, therefore, in addition, for example）則揭示了與前文的邏輯關係。
解題策略（Step by Step）：
- 找出「起點句」：起點句通常不會以代名詞開頭、不會以連接詞開頭、介紹新的人事物。通常是第一句。
- 找出「終點句」：結論、總結、或最後一個步驟通常是終點句。
- 利用連接詞配對：however/but 前面一定有對比內容；therefore/thus/hence 前面一定有原因；for example/for instance 前面一定有一般性陳述。
- 利用代名詞追蹤：每一句中的 it/they/this/these/such 指向前一句的名詞。用這個線索來排序。
- 讀一遍確認邏輯通暢：排完後整段讀一次，確認意思流暢。
範例
被打亂的句子： (A) This process allows the plant to convert sunlight into chemical energy. (B) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants produce their own food. (C) As a result, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct. (D) During this process, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil.
正確排序： B → D → A → C 詳解： B 是起點句（介紹 “photosynthesis” 這個新概念）。D 的 “this process” 指向 B 的 photosynthesis。A 的 “this process” 繼續指向同一個過程，並補充功能。C 的 “as a result” 表示結果，自然放在最後。
三、8 回完整練習
威威老師小提醒
以下 8 回練習，建議一次做一回，做完立刻對答案、檢討錯題。不要一次做完 8 回——那只會讓你疲乏，失去學習效果。每回答案詳解我都用中文寫了，務必仔細讀！
Practice 1: Science — How Bees Communicate
Bees are among the most fascinating insects on Earth, not only because they produce honey but also because they have developed an extraordinarily complex communication system. When a worker bee discovers a rich source of nectar or pollen, it returns to the hive and performs what scientists call the “waggle dance.” This dance is far more than a random set of movements—it is a precise language that conveys critical information about food location.
The waggle dance consists of two main phases: the waggle phase and the return phase. During the waggle phase, the bee moves its body from side to side while walking in a straight line. The angle of this straight line, relative to the vertical axis of the honeycomb, indicates the direction of the food source in relation to the sun. For example, if the bee dances at a 45-degree angle to the right of vertical, other bees understand that they should fly 45 degrees to the right of the sun’s position. Meanwhile, the duration of the waggle phase communicates the distance—the longer the waggle, the farther away the food source is located. Remarkably, one second of waggling corresponds to roughly one kilometer of distance.
In addition to direction and distance, the intensity of the dance signals the quality of the food. A bee that has found an especially rich nectar source will dance more vigorously and repeat the performance multiple times, recruiting more foragers to visit the site. This remarkable system ensures that the colony efficiently allocates its foraging efforts, maximizing honey production while conserving energy.
Questions 1–4
1. 填充題： Based on the passage, the waggle dance communicates three types of information: direction, _____, and the quality of food. (限一字)
2. 填充題： According to the passage, one second of waggling roughly equals _____ kilometer(s) of distance. (限一字)
3. 簡答題： Explain how the waggle dance tells other bees which direction to fly. Answer in 1–2 sentences.
4. 選擇題： According to the passage, what happens when a bee finds a particularly good food source? (A) It performs the dance more slowly to be more precise. (B) It dances more vigorously and repeats the performance. (C) It flies back to the food source with more bees immediately. (D) It produces a special sound to accompany the dance.
Answer Key — Practice 1
1. 答案： distance 詳解： 題目說 waggle dance 傳達三種資訊：direction、_____、以及 quality of food。文章第二段說 “the waggle phase communicates the distance”，第三段說 “the intensity of the dance signals the quality of the food”，所以中間的空格應填入 distance。注意題目要求限一字，distance 是一個字，符合規定。
2. 答案： one 詳解： 文章第二段最後一句明確寫道：“one second of waggling corresponds to roughly one kilometer of distance.” 所以填 one。注意題目已經寫了 “kilometer(s)” 所以空格只要填數字/數量詞即可。
3. 答案（參考）： The angle of the bee’s straight-line movement during the waggle phase, relative to the vertical honeycomb, tells other bees the direction they should fly in relation to the sun. For instance, a 45-degree angle means flying 45 degrees to the right of the sun. 詳解： 這題的答案集中在第二段中間三句話。關鍵是要用自己的話整合敘述，而非照抄原文。好的答案會把 “angle of this straight line, relative to the vertical axis” 和 “direction of the food source in relation to the sun” 這兩層關係說清楚，也可以舉文章中的 45 度例子來輔助說明。
4. 答案： (B) 詳解： 文章最後一段說 “A bee that has found an especially rich nectar source will dance more vigorously and repeat the performance multiple times.” 選項 (B) 完全對應這句話。(A) 錯在 “more slowly”——文章說的是 more vigorously（更激烈），不是更慢。(C) 錯在 “immediately”——文章說的是 recruiting more foragers，但沒有說立刻帶著飛回去。(D) 文章完全沒有提到聲音。
Practice 2: History — Invention of the Printing Press
Before the mid-15th century, books in Europe were copied by hand, a slow and expensive process that made reading materials accessible only to the wealthy and the clergy. This changed dramatically around 1440 when Johannes Gutenberg, a German goldsmith and inventor, introduced the movable-type printing press to Europe. While movable type had been invented centuries earlier in China by Bi Sheng, Gutenberg’s design incorporated several innovations that made mass production feasible.
Gutenberg’s key contribution was the development of a hand mold that allowed for the rapid and precise casting of metal type pieces. He also formulated an oil-based ink that adhered well to metal type, unlike the water-based inks used by scribes. Perhaps most importantly, he adapted the screw press—originally used for pressing grapes and olives—to create a mechanism that could apply even pressure across a full page of text.
The effects of Gutenberg’s invention were revolutionary. By 1500, printing presses operating across Europe had produced more than 20 million volumes. The availability of affordable books fueled the spread of literacy, enabled the rapid dissemination of scientific discoveries, and played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation by allowing Martin Luther’s ideas to circulate widely. Historians widely regard the printing press as one of the most transformative inventions in human history, one that laid the groundwork for the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the modern knowledge-based society.
Questions 1–4
1. 表格完成題： Complete the table below based on the passage.
| Aspect | Before Printing Press | After Gutenberg’s Invention |
|---|---|---|
| Book production method | Copied by ____ | Mass production with movable type |
| Ink type | Water-based inks (used by scribes) | _____ ink (adhered to metal type) |
| Books produced by 1500 | — | More than _____ volumes |
| Access to books | Only for the wealthy and clergy | Accessible to more people, fueled ____ |
2. 填充題： Although movable type was first invented in _____ by Bi Sheng, Gutenberg’s innovations made mass production practical in Europe. (限二字)
3. 填充題： Gutenberg adapted the _____, which was originally used for pressing grapes and olives, to apply even pressure in his printing press. (限二字)
4. 選擇題： Which of the following was NOT mentioned as an effect of the printing press? (A) The spread of literacy among more people (B) The rapid sharing of scientific discoveries (C) The unification of all European languages (D) Support for the Protestant Reformation
Answer Key — Practice 2
1. 答案（依序）： hand; Oil-based; 20 million; literacy 詳解：
- 第一格：文章第一句 “books in Europe were copied by hand” → hand
- 第二格：文章第二段 “He also formulated an oil-based ink” → Oil-based（注意表格格式，首字大寫可接受）
- 第三格：文章第三段 “printing presses operating across Europe had produced more than 20 million volumes” → 20 million
- 第四格：文章第三段 “fueled the spread of literacy” → literacy
2. 答案： China 詳解： 文章第一段：“While movable type had been invented centuries earlier in China by Bi Sheng” → China。題目說限二字，“China” 是兩個音節但一個英文字，符合規定。
3. 答案： screw press 詳解： 文章第二段：“he adapted the screw press—originally used for pressing grapes and olives—to create a mechanism that could apply even pressure” → screw press。
4. 答案： (C) 詳解： 文章第三段列舉了四個印刷術的影響：spread of literacy (A)、dissemination of scientific discoveries (B)、role in Protestant Reformation (D)。唯獨 (C) 「統一所有歐洲語言」完全沒有被提及。實際上印刷術促進了各地方言的標準化，但並非統一所有語言——這是一個陷阱選項，看似合理但文章沒說。
Practice 3: Culture — Lunar New Year Traditions Across Asia
Lunar New Year, often referred to as Chinese New Year in the West, is actually celebrated across numerous Asian countries, each with its own distinctive customs. While the holiday shares common themes of family reunion, honoring ancestors, and welcoming good fortune, the specific traditions vary widely from one culture to another.
In China, the celebration spans 15 days and culminates in the Lantern Festival. Families gather for a reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve, featuring dishes that carry symbolic meanings—fish represents abundance, dumplings signify wealth, and glutinous rice cakes symbolize rising success. Red envelopes containing money are given to children and unmarried adults, and fireworks are set off to ward off evil spirits.
In South Korea, the holiday is called Seollal and typically lasts three days. Koreans perform a ritual called “charye,” in which they pay respect to their ancestors by offering food at a ceremonial table. Instead of red envelopes, Koreans give money in beautifully decorated silk pouches. A traditional dish served during Seollal is tteokguk, a soup made with sliced rice cakes; eating a bowl is said to add one year to a person’s age.
Vietnam celebrates Tet, which is the country’s most important holiday of the year. Vietnamese families thoroughly clean their homes before Tet to sweep away any bad luck from the previous year. They decorate with peach blossoms in the north and apricot blossoms in the south. A central culinary tradition is banh chung, a square sticky rice cake filled with pork and mung beans, wrapped in banana leaves. The cake symbolizes the earth and reflects Vietnam’s agricultural heritage.
Despite these cultural differences, what unites Lunar New Year celebrations across Asia is the emphasis on family bonds, the expression of gratitude, and the collective hope for a prosperous year ahead.
Questions 1–4
1. 簡答題： According to the passage, what are the symbolic meanings of fish and dumplings in Chinese New Year dishes? Answer in 1–2 sentences.
2. 簡答題： How does the Korean tradition of giving money during Seollal differ from the Chinese tradition?
3. 填充題： In Vietnam, people clean their homes before Tet in order to _____ any bad luck from the previous year. (限二字)
4. 填充題： The Vietnamese dish banh chung is a _____ sticky rice cake that represents the earth. (限一字)
Answer Key — Practice 3
1. 答案（參考）： In Chinese New Year traditions, fish represents abundance, while dumplings signify wealth. 詳解： 答案資訊在第二段：“fish represents abundance, dumplings signify wealth.” 這題可以直接引用原文，因為問的是 specific symbolic meanings，不需要改寫。但最理想的做法還是可以稍微調整句型，例如：“Fish symbolizes abundance and dumplings represent wealth in Chinese New Year cuisine.”
2. 答案（參考）： In China, money is given in red envelopes, whereas in Korea, it is given in decorated silk pouches. 詳解： 這題要求比較中韓兩國的差異。中國部分在第二段：“Red envelopes containing money”；韓國部分在第三段：“Koreans give money in beautifully decorated silk pouches.” 優秀的答案會使用 “whereas” 或 “while” 表達對比關係。
3. 答案： sweep away 詳解： 文章第四段：“Vietnamese families thoroughly clean their homes before Tet to sweep away any bad luck from the previous year.” 直接對應 sweep away。限二字，sweep away 正好兩個字。
4. 答案： square 詳解： 文章第四段：“banh chung, a square sticky rice cake filled with pork and mung beans, wrapped in banana leaves.” square 是形狀描述，且題目限一字，square 符合。
Practice 4: Environment — The Problem of Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century. Since the 1950s, over 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced globally, and only about 9% of it has ever been recycled. The rest ends up in landfills, is incinerated, or finds its way into our oceans, where it poses a severe threat to marine life.
The impact on ocean ecosystems is particularly alarming. Each year, an estimated 8 million metric tons of plastic enter the oceans. Marine animals often mistake plastic debris for food. Sea turtles, for instance, confuse floating plastic bags with jellyfish, their natural prey. When ingested, plastic can block digestive tracts, leading to starvation. Furthermore, as larger plastic items break down into microplastics—tiny particles smaller than 5 millimeters—they enter the food chain at every level, from plankton to humans. Scientists have detected microplastics in seafood, drinking water, and even in the air we breathe.
Addressing this crisis requires action on multiple fronts. Governments around the world have begun implementing bans on single-use plastics such as straws, shopping bags, and cutlery. The European Union, for example, banned several categories of single-use plastics in 2021. Meanwhile, innovators are developing biodegradable alternatives made from materials like cornstarch and seaweed. On an individual level, consumers can make a difference by choosing reusable products, properly sorting waste for recycling, and supporting companies committed to reducing their plastic footprint. While the problem is enormous, a combination of policy, innovation, and personal responsibility offers a path toward a cleaner future.
Questions 1–4
1. 表格完成題： Complete the table using information from the passage.
| Category | Detail |
|---|---|
| Total plastic produced since 1950s | Over _____ metric tons |
| Percentage recycled | About _____ |
| Annual plastic entering oceans | Estimated _____ metric tons |
| Definition of microplastics | Particles smaller than _____ millimeters |
2. 簡答題： Explain why plastic is dangerous to sea turtles. Answer in 1–2 sentences.
3. 填充題： Besides government bans, the passage mentions two other approaches to solving the plastic problem: developing _____ alternatives and promoting personal _____. (每格限一字)
4. 選擇題： According to the passage, where have microplastics been found? (A) Only in ocean water (B) In seafood, drinking water, and the air (C) Mainly in landfills (D) Only in the digestive tracts of marine animals
Answer Key — Practice 4
1. 答案（依序）： 8.3 billion; 9%; 8 million; 5 詳解：
- 第一格：文章第一段 “over 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced” → 8.3 billion
- 第二格：文章第一段 “only about 9% of it has ever been recycled” → 9%
- 第三格：文章第二段 “an estimated 8 million metric tons of plastic enter the oceans” → 8 million
- 第四格：文章第二段 “microplastics—tiny particles smaller than 5 millimeters” → 5
2. 答案（參考）： Sea turtles mistake floating plastic bags for jellyfish, their natural food. When they swallow the plastic, it can block their digestive systems and cause them to starve. 詳解： 答案資訊在第二段中間兩句。關鍵是要解釋兩個層次：(1) 海龜把塑膠袋誤認成水母，(2) 吃下去後堵塞消化道導致飢餓。用因果關係串起來即為好答案。
3. 答案： biodegradable; responsibility 詳解： 文章最後一段提到三種解決方案：(1) government bans、(2) “biodegradable alternatives made from materials like cornstarch and seaweed”、(3) “personal responsibility”。第一格對應 biodegradable，第二格對應 responsibility。注意題目要求每格限一字，biodegradable 雖然長但就是一個字。
4. 答案： (B) 詳解： 文章第二段最後一句：“Scientists have detected microplastics in seafood, drinking water, and even in the air we breathe.” 選項 (B) 完整對應。(A) 錯在 “only”——微塑膠不止在海水裡。(C) landfills 是塑膠最終去處之一，但不是微塑膠被發現的地方。(D) 錯在 “only”——微塑膠存在範圍遠不止海洋動物消化道。
Practice 5: Technology — How AI Assistants Work
When you ask Siri a question or command Alexa to play a song, you are interacting with a technology known as a virtual assistant powered by artificial intelligence (AI). These systems, while seemingly simple to use, rely on a series of complex processes that happen in a matter of seconds.
The first step is speech recognition, also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR). The assistant’s microphone captures your voice and converts the sound waves into digital data. This data is then sent to cloud-based servers, where powerful algorithms analyze the audio patterns and transform them into text. Modern ASR systems use deep learning models trained on millions of hours of human speech, enabling them to understand diverse accents and speaking styles.
Once your spoken words are converted to text, the system enters the natural language understanding (NLU) phase. This is where the assistant must figure out not just the words you used but what you actually mean. NLU involves parsing the sentence structure, identifying key entities such as names or dates, and determining your intention—whether you are asking a question, issuing a command, or making a request. For instance, saying “What’s the weather like tomorrow?” requires the assistant to recognize that you are asking for a weather forecast tied to tomorrow’s date.
Finally, after understanding your intent, the assistant must generate an appropriate response. This may involve searching its knowledge base, querying an external service like a weather API, or controlling a connected device. The response is then converted back into spoken language through text-to-speech (TTS) technology, delivering a natural-sounding reply. All of these steps—from capturing audio to producing an answer—typically occur in under three seconds, a testament to the astonishing power of modern AI.
Questions 1–4
1. 填充題： In the first step of the process, the assistant uses _____ recognition to convert spoken words into text. (限一字)
2. 填充題： The NLU phase involves identifying the user’s _____, or what they want to achieve with their request. (限一字)
3. 簡答題： According to the passage, how does the assistant produce a spoken reply to the user? Answer in 1–2 sentences.
4. 排序題： Arrange the following steps in the correct order based on the passage. (A) The assistant generates a response by searching knowledge bases or external services. (B) The user’s voice is captured and converted into digital data. (C) The NLU system determines the user’s intention. (D) The ASR system transforms the audio into text. (E) The response is delivered as spoken language through TTS technology.
Answer Key — Practice 5
1. 答案： speech 詳解： 文章第二段第一句：“The first step is speech recognition, also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR).” 題目說 “uses _____ recognition”，所以填入 speech。限一字，speech 就是一個字。
2. 答案： intent / intention 詳解： 文章第三段：“determining your intention”（判斷你的意圖）。題目問 “identifying the user’s _____” 且後面解釋 “what they want to achieve with their request”，所以填 intention 或 intent 都可以。限一字，intent 和 intention 都是一個字。
3. 答案（參考）： After generating a response by searching its database or querying an external service, the assistant uses text-to-speech (TTS) technology to convert the text into spoken language, producing a natural-sounding reply. 詳解： 答案資訊在最後一段。第一步是產生回應內容（搜尋資料庫、查詢外部服務等），第二步是透過 TTS 把文字轉回語音。用 “after…the assistant uses…” 或 “the assistant…and then…” 的結構來表達兩步驟順序。
4. 答案： B → D → C → A → E 詳解： 這完全是按照文章描述的流程：
- (B) 聲音捕捉並轉數位資料（第二段：“The assistant’s microphone captures your voice and converts the sound waves into digital data”）
- (D) ASR 把音訊轉成文字（第二段：“transform them into text”）
- (C) NLU 判斷意圖（第三段：“the natural language understanding (NLU) phase…determining your intention”）
- (A) 產生回應（第四段：“the assistant must generate an appropriate response”）
- (E) TTS 輸出語音（第四段：“converted back into spoken language through text-to-speech”）
Practice 6: Literature — Short Biography of Jane Austen
Jane Austen, born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire, is one of the most celebrated novelists in English literature. The seventh of eight children in a close-knit family, Austen grew up in a household that valued education and reading. Her father, a clergyman, maintained an extensive library, and Jane began writing stories and plays at an early age to entertain her family.
Austen completed her first mature novel, “Sense and Sensibility,” in 1811 after years of revision. It was published anonymously, as was typical for female authors of the period—the title page simply stated “By a Lady.” The book was well received, and Austen went on to publish “Pride and Prejudice” in 1813, which would become her most famous work. The story of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy captured the complexities of love, class, and personal growth in Regency-era England. “Mansfield Park” followed in 1814 and “Emma” in 1815, each showcasing her sharp wit and keen observation of social manners.
Austen’s novels are known for their ironic tone, realistic characters, and insightful exploration of the social and economic pressures faced by women in the early 19th century. Unlike the dramatic Gothic novels popular at the time, Austen focused on the everyday lives of the English gentry, using dialogue and free indirect speech to reveal her characters’ inner thoughts. Her works subtly criticized a society in which marriage was often a woman’s only path to financial security.
Tragically, Austen’s life was cut short when she died in 1817 at the age of 41, likely from Addison’s disease. Two additional novels, “Northanger Abbey” and “Persuasion,” were published posthumously later that year. Despite producing only six complete novels, Austen’s influence on English literature has been profound. Her works have been translated into dozens of languages and adapted into countless films, television series, and stage productions, continuing to captivate readers more than two centuries after her death.
Questions 1–4
1. 表格完成題： Complete the timeline of Jane Austen’s works using information from the passage.
| Year | Novel Published |
|---|---|
| 1811 | (1) _____ |
| 1813 | (2) _____ |
| 1814 | Mansfield Park |
| 1815 | Emma |
| 1817 | Northanger Abbey and (3) _____ (published after her death) |
2. 填充題： Austen’s novels were first published _____, meaning her name did not appear on the title page. This was common for female authors at the time. (限二字)
3. 填充題： Instead of writing Gothic novels, Austen focused on the _____ lives of the English gentry. (限二字)
4. 簡答題： According to the passage, what social issue did Austen’s novels subtly criticize? Answer in 1–2 sentences.
Answer Key — Practice 6
1. 答案： (1) Sense and Sensibility (2) Pride and Prejudice (3) Persuasion 詳解：
- (1) 文章第二段：“Austen completed her first mature novel, ‘Sense and Sensibility,’ in 1811” → Sense and Sensibility
- (2) 文章第二段：“Austen went on to publish ‘Pride and Prejudice’ in 1813” → Pride and Prejudice
- (3) 文章最後一段：“‘Northanger Abbey’ and ‘Persuasion,’ were published posthumously later that year”（1817 年）→ Persuasion
2. 答案： anonymously 詳解： 文章第二段：“It was published anonymously, as was typical for female authors of the period—the title page simply stated ‘By a Lady.’” 題目說 “first published _____” 且後面解釋 “her name did not appear on the title page”，所以是 anonymously。
3. 答案： everyday 詳解： 文章第三段：“Austen focused on the everyday lives of the English gentry” → everyday。注意 everyday（一個字）是形容詞，every day（兩個字）是副詞。文章是修飾 lives，所以用 everyday。
4. 答案（參考）： Austen’s novels subtly criticized a society in which marriage was often a woman’s only path to financial security. 詳解： 答案資訊在第三段最後一句：“Her works subtly criticized a society in which marriage was often a woman’s only path to financial security.” 這題因為文章本身就用了一句精簡的話來總結，所以重點是「理解後用自己的話改述」。好答案可以這樣寫：“She criticized the social reality that women had few options for financial stability besides getting married.”
Practice 7: Social Issues — The Food Waste Crisis
Every year, roughly one-third of all food produced for human consumption—approximately 1.3 billion tons—goes to waste. This staggering figure represents not only a profound moral failure in a world where nearly 828 million people face hunger but also an environmental disaster of immense proportions. When food is wasted, all the resources used to produce it—water, land, energy, labor—are wasted as well. To put this into perspective, if food waste were a country, it would be the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China and the United States.
The causes of food waste differ between developed and developing countries. In wealthier nations, waste predominantly occurs at the consumption stage. Supermarkets reject fruits and vegetables that fail to meet strict cosmetic standards, while households discard edible food simply because it has passed its “best before” date—a label that indicates peak quality rather than safety. Restaurants contribute significantly to the problem by serving oversized portions, much of which goes uneaten and ends up in trash bins.
In developing countries, food loss happens earlier in the supply chain. Poor storage facilities, inadequate refrigeration, and inefficient transportation systems mean that food spoils before it ever reaches consumers. Farmers may lack access to proper drying or packaging technologies, and crops are sometimes left unharvested because market prices do not justify the cost of labor.
A growing number of initiatives worldwide are tackling the food waste problem. In France, supermarkets are legally required to donate unsold edible food to charities rather than throwing it away. Apps like Too Good To Go allow consumers to purchase surplus restaurant food at discounted prices near closing time. At the household level, simple practices such as meal planning, proper food storage, and composting can dramatically reduce the amount of food that ends up in landfills. Reducing food waste is not only an ethical imperative—it is one of the most effective actions individuals can take to combat climate change.
Questions 1–4
1. 填充題： According to the passage, about _____ of all food produced globally is wasted each year. (限二字)
2. 填充題： In wealthy countries, supermarkets often reject produce that fails to meet _____ standards related to appearance. (限二字)
3. 簡答題： Explain the difference between where food waste mainly occurs in developed versus developing countries. Answer in 1–2 sentences.
4. 選擇題： According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a solution to food waste? (A) French law requiring supermarkets to donate unsold food (B) Apps that sell discounted surplus restaurant food (C) Government subsidies for farmers to produce less food (D) Household practices like meal planning and composting
Answer Key — Practice 7
1. 答案： one-third 詳解： 文章第一句：“roughly one-third of all food produced for human consumption—approximately 1.3 billion tons—goes to waste.” 題目說 “about _____ of all food”，所以填入 one-third。限二字，one-third 是 hyphenated word，算一個詞。
2. 答案： cosmetic 詳解： 文章第二段：“Supermarkets reject fruits and vegetables that fail to meet strict cosmetic standards.” 題目說 “fail to meet _____ standards related to appearance.” “related to appearance” 就是 cosmetic（外觀的）的解釋，所以填 cosmetic。限二字內，cosmetic 一個字符合。
3. 答案（參考）： In developed countries, food waste occurs mainly at the consumption stage, such as in supermarkets, households, and restaurants. In contrast, in developing countries, food loss happens earlier in the supply chain due to poor storage, inadequate refrigeration, and inefficient transportation. 詳解： 答案資訊在第二段和第三段。這題的核心是「對比已開發國家與開發中國家」的食物浪費發生階段不同。好答案會用 “In contrast” 或 “whereas/while” 來標示對比關係。不需要把所有細節都寫出來，但要抓住「consumption stage vs. supply chain」這個核心差異。
4. 答案： (C) 詳解： 文章最後一段列出了三種解決方案：(A) 法國的超市法律、(B) Too Good To Go 等 app、(D) 家庭層面的 meal planning 和 composting。(C) 「政府補貼農民生產較少食物」完全沒有被提及。這題的陷阱在於 (C) 聽起來像是合理的政策，但文章根本沒說。
Practice 8: Health — Why Sleep Is Essential
Sleep is not merely a period of rest; it is an active biological process that is essential for nearly every system in the human body. Despite its importance, a significant portion of the population regularly fails to get enough sleep. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that adults aged 18 to 60 should obtain seven or more hours of sleep per night, yet surveys indicate that roughly one in three adults falls short of this target.
During sleep, the brain engages in a critical maintenance routine. One of its most important tasks is memory consolidation—the process by which information learned during the day is transferred from short-term to long-term memory. Studies have shown that students who sleep adequately after studying perform significantly better on tests than those who stay awake, suggesting that the brain actively strengthens neural connections during sleep. Additionally, the brain’s glymphatic system becomes more active during deep sleep, clearing out metabolic waste products, including the beta-amyloid proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
The physical health consequences of chronic sleep deprivation are equally concerning. Lack of sleep disrupts the production of hormones that regulate appetite, leading to increased hunger and a higher risk of obesity. It also weakens the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to infections. Research has linked insufficient sleep to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and even certain forms of cancer. Furthermore, sleep-deprived individuals experience reduced reaction times and impaired judgment, which explains why drowsy driving is responsible for thousands of traffic accidents annually.
Improving sleep quality often comes down to maintaining consistent habits. Experts advise going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Reducing exposure to blue light from electronic screens at least an hour before bedtime, keeping the bedroom cool and dark, and avoiding caffeine in the afternoon can all contribute to better sleep. As scientists continue to uncover the profound connections between sleep and overall well-being, the message is increasingly clear: prioritizing sleep is prioritizing health.
Questions 1–4
1. 表格完成題： Complete the table using information from the passage to contrast the benefits of sleep with the effects of sleep deprivation.
| Aspect | During Adequate Sleep | When Sleep Deprived |
|---|---|---|
| Memory | (1) _____ — transfer from short-term to long-term | Poorer test performance |
| Brain cleaning | Glymphatic system clears (2) _____ products | Buildup of proteins linked to Alzheimer’s |
| Appetite | Hormones are regulated | Increased hunger, higher risk of (3) _____ |
| Immune function | Normal immune response | (4) _____ immune system, more vulnerable to illness |
2. 填充題： The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends at least _____ hours of sleep per night for adults under 60. (限一字)
3. 填充題： To improve sleep, experts suggest reducing exposure to _____ light from screens at least one hour before bedtime. (限一字)
4. 簡答題： According to the passage, why is drowsy driving dangerous? Answer in 1–2 sentences.
Answer Key — Practice 8
1. 答案： (1) Memory consolidation (2) metabolic waste (3) obesity (4) Weakened 詳解：
- (1) 文章第二段：“memory consolidation—the process by which information learned during the day is transferred from short-term to long-term memory” → Memory consolidation
- (2) 文章第二段：“the brain’s glymphatic system becomes more active during deep sleep, clearing out metabolic waste products” → metabolic waste
- (3) 文章第三段：“leading to increased hunger and a higher risk of obesity” → obesity
- (4) 文章第三段：“weakens the immune system” → Weakened（表格用過去分詞與右側描述保持一致）
2. 答案： seven 詳解： 文章第一段：“The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that adults aged 18 to 60 should obtain seven or more hours of sleep per night.” 題目說 at least _____ hours，對應 seven or more → seven。限一字，seven 符合。
3. 答案： blue 詳解： 文章第四段：“Reducing exposure to blue light from electronic screens at least an hour before bedtime.” 直接對應 blue。
4. 答案（參考）： Drowsy driving is dangerous because sleep-deprived individuals have reduced reaction times and impaired judgment, which is why it causes thousands of traffic accidents each year. 詳解： 答案資訊在第三段最後一句：“sleep-deprived individuals experience reduced reaction times and impaired judgment, which explains why drowsy driving is responsible for thousands of traffic accidents annually.” 可以用因果句型來改寫，例如 “Because lack of sleep slows reaction times and affects judgment, drowsy driving leads to thousands of accidents every year.”
四、解題策略總整理
混合題的黃金解題流程
威威老師小提醒
混合題最忌諱的就是「看到題目就慌，慌了就亂找答案」。以下這個 6 步驟流程，請你每次做混合題時都嚴格遵守，把它練成肌肉記憶！
Step 1 — 預覽題目（30 秒） 在做混合題之前，先用 30 秒快速瀏覽所有子題的「題型」和「問題方向」。你不需要這時就讀懂每個問題，只要心中有數：這篇文章要考填充、簡答、還是表格？問的方向是什麼（原因？結果？比較？細節？）這樣你在讀文章時就會特別留意相關資訊。
Step 2 — 精讀文章（3–4 分鐘） 完整、仔細地讀完整篇文章。不要跳讀、不要只掃關鍵字。邊讀邊在心裡問自己：這段在說什麼？作者的主要觀點是什麼？每個段落的功能是什麼？你可以用螢光筆或底線標出你認為重要的資訊（人名、數字、因果關係、對比、轉折）。
Step 3 — 逐題作答（5–6 分鐘） 按照題目順序一題一題做。對於需要回到文章找答案的題目（填充、表格），用題目關鍵詞定位到對應段落。對於需要推論或改寫的題目（選擇、簡答），在確定理解文章意思後再作答。
Step 4 — 檢查填充題（1 分鐘） 確認所有填充題的答案：(1) 來自文章原文嗎？(2) 拼字正確嗎？(3) 有超過字數限制嗎？
Step 5 — 檢查簡答題（1 分鐘） 確認簡答題：(1) 有用自己的話改寫嗎？(2) 文法正確嗎（主詞動詞一致、時態）？(3) 回答了問題的核心嗎？
Step 6 — 回頭驗證（1 分鐘） 如果還有時間，回頭把所有答案對照文章再確認一次。特別是「看似簡單」的填充題——那往往是最容易抄錯位置的陷阱題。
時間分配建議
| 階段 | 建議時間 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 預覽題目 | 30 秒 | 快速瀏覽所有子題，了解考點方向 |
| 精讀文章 | 3–4 分鐘 | 完整閱讀，邊讀邊標記重點 |
| 逐題作答 | 5–6 分鐘 | 一題一題做，需要時回文章確認 |
| 檢查與驗證 | 1–2 分鐘 | 檢查拼字、文法、字數限制 |
| 總計 | 10–12 分鐘 | 學測混合題建議分配時間 |
小心陷阱
如果你發現自己在某一題卡了超過 2 分鐘，先跳過！混合題的陷阱之一就是「某一題特別難，讓你耗掉整大題的時間」。先做後面會做的題目，有時間再回來。
常見陷阱與破解法
| 陷阱類型 | 陷阱描述 | 破解方法 |
|---|---|---|
| 偷換概念 | 選項把文章中的詞換成相似但不同的字，意思就變了 | 回到文章確認原句，逐字比對 |
| 部分對部分錯 | 選項前半句是對的，後半句是錯的 | 整句逐項驗證，不要只看到對的部分就選 |
| 過度推論 | 選項把文章的說法放大或延伸，雖然「合理」但文章沒說 | 問自己：「文章有直接證據支持這句話嗎？」沒有 → 不選 |
| 定位錯誤 | 題目關鍵字出現多次，你找到的是錯誤位置 | 確認前後文脈絡是否與題目一致 |
| 照抄扣分 | 簡答題整句照抄文章，證明你沒有理解只是抄寫 | 換同義詞、調整語序、合併或拆解句子 |
| 字數超標 | 填充題答案超過指定字數 | 答題前看清楚字數限制，寫完後數一遍 |
五、實用技巧
技巧一：如何掃描關鍵詞（Keyword Scanning）
關鍵詞掃描不是「隨便找幾個字碰運氣」，而是有系統的策略：
什麼是好的關鍵詞？
- 數字：年份、百分比、數量——這些在文章中非常醒目，容易定位
- 專有名詞：人名、地名、機構名、書名——大寫開頭，一眼就看到
- 特殊符號：引號內的詞、括號內的補充說明
- 重複概念：一個概念如果在題目中反覆出現，在文章中也會反覆出現
掃描步驟：
- 從題目中選出 1–2 個最「獨特」的關鍵詞（避免選太常見的字如 “the”, “is”, “people”）
- 用眼睛快速掃過文章，找到關鍵詞的出現位置
- 放慢速度，讀關鍵詞前後 2–3 句，確認語境吻合
- 鎖定答案句後，提取需要的資訊
威威老師小提醒
掃描關鍵詞是「輔助」工具，不是「替代」閱讀的工具。如果你根本沒讀懂文章內容，掃描再多關鍵詞也只會迷失在文字的海洋中。先讀懂，再掃描，才是正確順序。
技巧二：如何改寫（Paraphrasing）——不要照抄！
簡答題的評分標準中，「改寫能力」是重要的加分項。以下是威威老師推薦的三種改寫技巧：
技巧 A：換同義詞（Synonym Replacement）
| 原文用詞 | 可替換的同義詞 |
|---|---|
| important | significant, crucial, essential, vital |
| because | since, as, due to, owing to |
| show | indicate, demonstrate, reveal, suggest |
| many | numerous, a large number of, a variety of |
| help | assist, aid, support, contribute to |
| problem | issue, challenge, crisis, concern |
| big | large, substantial, considerable, significant |
| make | create, produce, generate, form |
技巧 B：調整語序（Sentence Restructuring）
- 把被動語態改為主動（或反過來）
- 把副詞子句移到句首或句尾
- 把兩個短句合併成一個複合句（用 which, who, that）
範例：
- 原文：Plastic pollution is a major threat because it harms marine life.
- 改寫：Marine life faces a serious threat from plastic pollution.
技巧 C：概括與具體互換（Generalization / Specification）
- 把一串具體例子概括成一個上位詞
- 把一個抽象概念用文章中的具體例子來解釋
範例：
- 原文：Sea turtles, dolphins, and seabirds are all affected by plastic waste.
- 概括：A wide range of marine species suffer from plastic pollution.
小心陷阱
改寫不等於「憑空亂寫」！你的改寫必須忠於原文的意思。如果你換了同義詞之後句子意思變了，那就是失敗的改寫。改寫完後一定要回頭對照原文，確認意思沒有跑掉。
技巧三：如何用上下文線索猜生字（Context Clues）
學測文章中難免會有你不認識的字。與其慌張，不如用以下方法推測：
線索 1：定義或解釋（Definition Clues） 文章常常自己解釋生字的意思，用破折號、逗號、括號或 “that is”, “in other words”, “also known as” 等標示。
範例：“The glymphatic system—the brain’s waste-clearing mechanism—becomes more active during sleep.” → 就算不懂 glymphatic，從 “waste-clearing mechanism” 就能猜到是「清除廢物的機制」。
線索 2：同義詞或反義詞（Synonym / Antonym Clues） 文章可能用同義詞重複說明，或用反義詞對比。
範例：“Unlike the dramatic Gothic novels popular at the time, Austen focused on the everyday lives of the gentry.” → “dramatic Gothic novels” 和 “everyday lives” 形成對比，所以你能推測 Gothic novels 是誇張、不平凡的題材。
線索 3：因果關係（Cause-Effect Clues） 從原因推結果、或從結果推原因。
範例：“The drought was so severe that the crops withered and died.” → 就算不認識 withered，從 “drought…crops…died” 的因果關係也能猜到是「枯萎」。
線索 4：例子（Example Clues） 舉例的目的就是幫助你理解前面的概念。
範例：“Single-use plastics such as straws, shopping bags, and cutlery.” → 就算不認識 single-use plastics，從 straws, shopping bags, cutlery 這些例子就能猜到是「用一次就丟的塑膠製品」。
威威老師小提醒
考試時如果真的猜不出來，不要糾結！先跳過那個字，繼續讀後面的內容。通常一個生字不會影響你對整段大意或文章主旨的理解。如果那個字真的對答題很關鍵，題目通常會另外給提示或中文釋義。
結語
混合題說到底，考的就是一件事：你讀英文文章時，能不能不只是「看懂單字」，而是「理解資訊之間的關係」。填充題考你抓取關鍵資訊，簡答題考你理解後重述，表格題考你分類歸納，選擇題考你推論判斷，排序題考你邏輯連貫——五個題型合在一起，就是一張完整的閱讀理解能力檢核表。
記住威威老師的三句話：
- 先讀懂，再做題。
- 答案在文章裡，但要經過你的腦子。
- 改寫是王道，照抄是死路。
每次練習完一回混合題，不妨問自己：我今天學到了什麼？哪個題型我最弱？下次我要怎麼改進？只要持續這樣的反省與練習，10 分的混合題，就是你學測英文中最穩的得分區！
加油，威威老師相信你可以的！