GEPT 高級 全真模擬試題 Mock 1
難度：標準入門（Standard — Entry Level C1） 適合初次挑戰 GEPT 高級的同學。題目涵蓋學術演講、新聞評論、社論、專業報告等。 作答時間：聽力約 45 分鐘 / 閱讀約 65 分鐘 高級目標：通過此級代表英語能力達英語專業人士水準。
第一部分：聽力測驗（Listening Comprehension）
Part 1：短篇問答（Short Questions — 10 題）
說明： 每題播放一段短文或問題，從三個選項中選出最適當的回應。高級的問句較長且複雜，主題涵蓋學術、時事、專業領域。
Question 1
Given the recent volatility in the semiconductor market and the geopolitical tensions affecting supply chains, what would you say is the most prudent investment strategy for the coming quarter?
(A) I think semiconductors are a dying industry anyway. (B) Diversification remains key — spreading risk across multiple sectors while maintaining some exposure to tech, particularly companies with diversified manufacturing bases outside contested regions. (C) You should put all your money in one good tech stock and hope for the best.
答案：B
Question 2
I’m struggling to reconcile the conflicting conclusions of these two meta-analyses on the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for clinical depression. Both seem methodologically sound, yet they reach almost opposite conclusions.
(A) Just pick the one that supports what you already believe. (B) Meta-analyses are always right — you must be misreading one of them. (C) Check for differences in inclusion criteria and effect-size calculations. Even small variations in how studies are selected and weighted can produce divergent findings in meta-analyses.
答案：C
Question 3
Professor, do you think the concept of “authorial intent” still has relevance in contemporary literary criticism, given the predominance of reader-response and deconstructionist approaches over the past half-century?
(A) Authorial intent is completely irrelevant now. (B) While pure intentionalism has largely been abandoned, a nuanced version survives — what Umberto Eco called the “intention of the text,” which negotiates between author, text, and reader without falling into the intentionalist fallacy. (C) Literary criticism is just people making things up about books.
答案：B
Question 4
Our startup has developed a promising AI diagnostic tool, but we’re facing resistance from hospital administrators who are concerned about liability issues. How should we approach this?
(A) Ignore the administrators and market directly to patients. (B) Partner with a major teaching hospital for a peer-reviewed clinical validation study. Published evidence of safety and efficacy in a reputable journal will address the liability concerns more effectively than any sales pitch. (C) Lower the price until they say yes.
答案：B
Question 5
With the rise of large language models capable of generating convincing academic prose, how should universities adapt their assessment methods to ensure academic integrity?
(A) Ban all technology from education and return to handwritten exams. (B) Shift toward more process-oriented assessment — require students to submit drafts, reflections, and oral defenses of their work. Assessment should evaluate the thinking journey, not just the polished final product. (C) Accept that students will cheat and grade more generously.
答案：B
Question 6
I’ve been offered a mid-career fellowship to study the effects of climate change on migratory bird patterns in the Arctic. The funding is solid, but it would mean spending four months a year in extremely remote field conditions away from my family. How do I weigh this?
(A) Climate change research isn’t that important — stay home. (B) These opportunities are rare and time-sensitive. Have an honest conversation with your family about what this means for all of you, and explore whether there’s flexibility — perhaps shorter field rotations or a modified timeline. The professional and personal don’t have to be mutually exclusive. (C) Just go without discussing it — your family will understand.
答案：B
Question 7
What’s your assessment of the argument that universal basic income would disincentivize work, given the empirical evidence from recent pilot programs in Finland, Kenya, and Stockton, California?
(A) The pilots showed that UBI recipients overwhelmingly stopped working and became lazy. (B) The actual data from these pilots is far more nuanced. Most showed minimal reductions in employment, with the primary effects being improved mental health, reduced financial anxiety, and in some cases, increased entrepreneurial activity. The “disincentivization” narrative doesn’t hold up well against the evidence. (C) Those pilot programs were too small to prove anything.
答案：B
Question 8
In your opinion, does the precautionary principle in environmental policy — essentially, “better safe than sorry” — stifle innovation, or is it a necessary safeguard against irreversible ecological damage?
(A) It’s just an excuse for government overreach. (B) It’s an oversimplification to frame it as a binary. The principle is most defensible when applied to threats that are both plausible and catastrophic — where the costs of inaction dwarf the costs of precaution. The challenge is calibrating it so it doesn’t become a blanket veto on technological progress. (C) We should always err on the side of extreme caution no matter what.
答案：B
Question 9
The board is divided over whether to prioritize short-term shareholder returns or long-term investment in sustainable practices that may not pay off for five to seven years. The quarterly earnings call is in three weeks. What would you advise?
(A) Shareholders only care about this quarter — cut costs now. (B) The board’s fiduciary duty isn’t limited to next quarter’s earnings. Present a dual-path analysis: show the short-term return scenario alongside the long-term value-creation model, with clear milestones. Many institutional investors now explicitly factor ESG metrics into their decisions. (C) Split the difference — do a little of both without committing to either.
答案：B
Question 10
How do you reconcile Kant’s categorical imperative — that we should act only according to rules that could become universal laws — with the utilitarian calculus that sometimes requires sacrificing individual rights for the greater good?
(A) Kant was wrong about everything. (B) The two frameworks operate at different levels of ethical reasoning. Kant addresses the intrinsic rightness of actions regardless of consequences, while utilitarianism evaluates outcomes. Most real-world ethical dilemmas require us to hold both in tension rather than choosing one to the exclusion of the other. (C) Utilitarianism always wins in the real world.
答案：B
Part 2：長篇對話（Extended Conversations — 10 題）
Conversation 1 (Questions 11-13):
Two research scientists discuss a grant proposal.
W: Michael, I’ve read your draft proposal for the NSF grant on climate resilience in coastal urban infrastructure. The scope is ambitious — perhaps too ambitious. You’re proposing to do hydrological modeling, socioeconomic impact analysis, AND policy recommendations, all within a two-year funding cycle.
M: I know it’s broad, Sarah, but these elements are fundamentally interconnected. You can’t model infrastructure resilience without understanding who lives there and what policies govern development. If we silo these components, we risk producing technically elegant but practically useless research.
W: I don’t disagree with the intellectual argument. I’m worried about the review panel. They’re going to see three separate major work streams and question feasibility. Remember what happened to Dr. Henderson’s proposal last cycle — it got dinged for being “overly ambitious” despite the reviewers praising the concept.
M: That’s a fair point. What if we restructured it as a phased approach? Phase one — the hydrological modeling and vulnerability mapping — would be the primary deliverable. The socioeconomic analysis and policy work would be framed as a “Phase two pilot” with preliminary findings, setting up a follow-on grant.
W: That’s much more defensible. It shows the committee we understand scope management while still articulating the bigger vision. Revise the timeline section accordingly and let me review it before the internal deadline next Thursday.
- What is Michael’s main argument for keeping the three research components together? (A) The funding agency requires integrated proposals. (B) The components are fundamentally interconnected, and separating them would produce less useful research. (C) He doesn’t have time to write separate proposals for each component. (D) Dr. Henderson recommended this approach.
答案：B
- What concern does Sarah raise about the proposal? (A) The methodology is technically flawed. (B) The budget is insufficient for the proposed work. (C) The review panel may view the scope as too ambitious to be feasible. (D) The topic is not relevant to the funding agency’s priorities.
答案：C
- What solution do they agree on? (A) Remove the socioeconomic component entirely. (B) Restructure the proposal into a phased approach, with Phase Two as a pilot. (C) Add more researchers to the team to handle the workload. (D) Submit the proposal as-is and hope the reviewers are sympathetic.
答案：B
Conversation 2 (Questions 14-16):
An architect and a city planner discuss a contested development project.
M: Commissioner, I’ve reviewed the revised plans for the riverfront development. The developers have addressed some of our earlier concerns — they’ve increased the public green space from 12% to 18% and added a pedestrian promenade along the water.
W: Those are cosmetic concessions, David. The fundamental problem remains unchanged: they’re proposing a 28-story luxury residential tower in what has historically been a mixed-income, low-rise neighborhood. The shadow studies they submitted are laughable — they show almost no impact, which defies basic geometry.
M: With respect, Commissioner, we need to separate our personal preferences from planning merit. The site is zoned for high-density mixed-use. The developer is well within their rights. If we reject this on grounds not supported by the zoning code, we’ll lose on appeal and set a precedent that weakens our authority on future projects.
W: Then let’s negotiate from a position of strength. We approve the height, but we extract significant community benefits. I want 25% affordable housing units — not the 10% they’re offering — and a binding agreement to fund the renovation of the adjacent public school. If they walk away, let them explain to the public why a luxury developer refused to contribute to the neighborhood they’re profiting from.
M: That’s a bold gambit. If it works, we get a better outcome than outright rejection. I’ll draft the counter-proposal with those terms for your review before we meet with them on Friday.
- What is the Commissioner’s main objection to the development? (A) The building design is aesthetically unappealing. (B) The project doesn’t include enough parking spaces. (C) The luxury tower is incompatible with the character of the existing neighborhood. (D) The developer missed the application deadline.
答案：C
- What does David warn could happen if they reject the project on weak grounds? (A) The developer will sue them personally. (B) They will lose on appeal and weaken their regulatory authority. (C) The mayor will override their decision. (D) The public will protest against the commission.
答案：B
- What counter-proposal does the Commissioner suggest? (A) Reject the development outright and propose a public park instead. (B) Require 25% affordable housing and funding for local school renovation. (C) Allow the tower but demand it be reduced to 15 stories. (D) Approve the project with no changes to avoid conflict.
答案：B
Conversation 3 (Questions 17-20):
A journalist interviews an economist about labor market trends.
M: Dr. Park, thank you for joining us. Your new book argues that the conventional wisdom about the “skills gap” is largely a myth. Can you unpack that?
W: Certainly. The skills gap narrative says that employers can’t find qualified workers because our education system isn’t producing people with the right skills. If that were true, we’d see wages rising sharply in sectors with the biggest alleged shortages — that’s basic supply and demand. But we don’t. What we actually see is a reluctance to invest in training, a shift toward contingent and gig work that reduces employer commitment to workers, and job requirements that have inflated beyond what the work actually demands.
M: You’re referring to “degree inflation” — requiring a bachelor’s degree for jobs that previously didn’t need one?
W: Exactly. Between 2015 and 2025, the percentage of job postings for administrative assistant positions requiring a college degree rose from 35% to 62%, while the actual cognitive demands of the role remained essentially unchanged. It’s not that the job got harder — it’s that employers, paradoxically in a tight labor market, decided to use credentialism as a screening shortcut rather than investing in better assessment and training.
M: If the skills gap is overstated, what’s actually driving wage stagnation and worker dissatisfaction?
W: A combination of factors. Weakened collective bargaining, the erosion of internal labor markets — meaning companies now hire from outside rather than promoting from within — and what I call “labor market frictions”: the increasing difficulty of matching workers to jobs because of geographic mismatch, opaque hiring algorithms, and the sheer noise in online job markets. The problem isn’t that workers lack skills; it’s that the matching infrastructure is broken.
- What evidence does Dr. Park cite against the “skills gap” narrative? (A) Most workers are overqualified for their jobs. (B) Wages would be rising in shortage sectors if the gap were real. (C) Surveys show that employers are satisfied with worker skills. (D) The education system has improved dramatically in recent years.
答案：B
- What is “degree inflation” as described in the conversation? (A) The rising cost of university tuition fees. (B) The devaluation of degrees due to more people getting them. (C) Requiring college degrees for jobs whose duties haven’t substantively changed. (D) Grade inflation at universities leading to less meaningful credentials.
答案：C
- Which factor does Dr. Park NOT mention as contributing to wage stagnation? (A) Weakened collective bargaining (B) The erosion of internal labor markets (C) An oversupply of highly educated workers (D) Labor market frictions in matching workers to jobs
答案：C
- What does Dr. Park identify as the root problem in the labor market? (A) Workers refusing to relocate for better opportunities. (B) The matching infrastructure between workers and jobs is broken. (C) Immigration policies restricting the flow of skilled labor. (D) Corporate tax rates discouraging hiring.
答案：B
Part 3：長篇獨白（Extended Monologues — 10 題）
Monologue 1 (Questions 21-23):
Excerpt from a university lecture on cognitive science.
“Good morning. Today I want to challenge a metaphor that has dominated cognitive science for over half a century: the idea that human memory works like a computer’s hard drive — that experiences are ‘saved’ as discrete files, which can later be ‘retrieved’ in something close to their original form. This ‘storage-and-retrieval’ model is intuitively appealing but empirically false.
Memory is reconstructive, not reproductive. Every time you recall an event, you’re not playing back a recording; you’re actively reconstructing it from fragments, filling gaps with plausible inferences, and — critically — incorporating information and emotions from the present moment. This is why eyewitness testimony is so unreliable despite witnesses’ subjective certainty. The act of remembering changes the memory itself, a phenomenon known as ‘memory reconsolidation.’
The neuroscientist Antonio Damasio puts it elegantly: ‘We are not who we are simply because we think. We are who we are because we remember — and because we misremember.’ The implications extend far beyond the courtroom. Our personal identities, our relationships, even our political beliefs are built upon memories that are, to some degree, creative reconstructions rather than faithful records. The question is not whether our memories are accurate — they’re not, not entirely — but how the process of reconstruction serves our present needs and shapes our future selves.”
- What is the main argument of the lecture? (A) Human memory is superior to computer storage in accuracy. (B) Memory is a reconstructive process, not a faithful reproduction of past events. (C) Eyewitness testimony is the most reliable form of legal evidence. (D) Neuroscience has disproven all previous theories about memory.
答案：B
- According to the lecture, why does memory become altered when recalled? (A) The brain deliberately distorts memories to protect self-esteem. (B) The act of recalling involves reconstruction that incorporates present-moment information. (C) Memories naturally degrade over time like a fading photograph. (D) External suggestion from other people overwrites the original memory.
答案：B
- What broader implication does the lecturer draw from the reconstructive nature of memory? (A) We should rely entirely on written records rather than memory. (B) Personal identity is partly built on memories that are creative reconstructions. (C) The legal system should be abolished because it depends on memory. (D) Computers will eventually be able to store human memories accurately.
答案：B
Monologue 2 (Questions 24-26):
Excerpt from a radio documentary on urban design.
“What makes a public space work? For decades, urban planners operated under what you might call the ‘grand design’ assumption: that a space succeeds because of its architectural merits — sweeping vistas, harmonious proportions, expensive materials. But in her landmark 1980 study of New York City’s plazas and parks, the sociologist William Whyte — did I say William? I meant to say the urbanist William H. Whyte — demonstrated something that should have been obvious but wasn’t: people don’t sit where designers think they should sit. They sit where there are movable chairs, where there’s sunlight in cool weather and shade in warm weather, where they can watch other people, and where they feel some sense of enclosure without being trapped.
Whyte’s insights catalyzed a shift from designing spaces that look impressive in architectural photographs to designing spaces that work at the level of human behavior. The most successful public spaces — think of Bryant Park’s transformation from a dangerous no-go zone in the 1970s to one of the most beloved urban spaces in America — succeeded not through grand architecture but through thousands of small decisions about seating, sight lines, food vendors, and programming. The key insight was counterintuitive: people are attracted to other people. The busiest public spaces aren’t the emptiest and most serene — they’re the ones where you can see and be seen, where the city’s diversity is on display, where you can be alone in a crowd. This is what the sociologist Erving Goffman called ‘civil inattention’ — the delicate art of acknowledging others’ presence without intruding upon it.”
- According to the passage, what did William H. Whyte’s research reveal about public spaces? (A) Grand architectural design is the most important factor in a space’s success. (B) People are drawn to seating arrangements that reflect human behavioral preferences, not designer intentions. (C) Public spaces fail primarily because of insufficient funding. (D) People prefer completely empty spaces where they can be truly alone.
答案：B
- What was the key insight behind Bryant Park’s successful transformation? (A) Hiring more security guards to deter criminal activity. (B) Building a large monument as a visual centerpiece. (C) Making thousands of small, behavior-based decisions about seating, sight lines, and amenities. (D) Restricting access to only certain hours of the day.
答案：C
- What does the term “civil inattention” refer to? (A) The practice of ignoring homeless people in public spaces. (B) The art of acknowledging others’ presence without intruding upon it. (C) A legal requirement for public spaces to be accessible to all citizens. (D) The tendency of city governments to neglect public space maintenance.
答案：B
Monologue 3 (Questions 27-30):
Excerpt from a TED-style talk on behavioral economics.
“I want to talk about a cognitive bias so pervasive that it affects decisions ranging from your retirement savings to how nations respond to pandemics. It’s called ‘present bias,’ or hyperbolic discounting, and it’s elegantly simple: we disproportionately value immediate rewards over future ones, even when the future rewards are objectively larger.
Here’s a classic experimental demonstration. Offer people a choice between 120 in a month, and a majority will take the 100 in twelve months and 120. Logically, these are identical scenarios — in both cases, you wait one month for an extra $20. But when the smaller reward is available immediately, our rationality short-circuits.
The real-world consequences are profound. Present bias explains why millions of people — even those who can afford it — fail to save adequately for retirement: the immediate gratification of spending today outweighs the abstract future benefit of financial security. It explains why we procrastinate on important projects: the discomfort of starting now feels more real than the distant pain of a missed deadline. And it explains why governments chronically underinvest in pandemic preparedness and climate change mitigation: the costs are immediate and concentrated, while the benefits are diffuse and accrue to future voters who can’t reward today’s politicians.
The good news: unlike many cognitive biases, present bias can be somewhat mitigated through institutional design. Automatic enrollment in retirement plans with escalation features — where your savings rate increases automatically over time — leverages our inertia in the opposite direction. Commitment devices, where we voluntarily restrict our future choices, can help us outsmart our present-biased selves.”
- What is “present bias” as defined in the talk? (A) The tendency to live entirely in the present moment without planning. (B) The disproportionate valuation of immediate rewards over objectively larger future ones. (C) A bias toward presenting information in an overly optimistic way. (D) The preference for face-to-face communication over written messages.
答案：B
- Why does the speaker describe the two scenarios (120 in a month / 120 in 13 months) as “logically identical”? (A) Both involve the same amount of total money. (B) In both cases, the participant waits exactly one month for an additional $20. (C) The experimental subjects were the same people in both scenarios. (D) They are both hypothetical questions with no real consequences.
答案：B
- Which real-world consequence of present bias is NOT mentioned? (A) Inadequate retirement savings (B) Procrastination on important projects (C) Government underinvestment in pandemic preparedness (D) Increased risk-taking in gambling behavior
答案：D
- What solution does the speaker suggest for mitigating present bias? (A) Better education about financial mathematics. (B) Government mandates requiring people to save money. (C) Institutional design such as automatic enrollment in retirement plans with escalation features. (D) Psychological therapy to address the root causes of impulsivity.
答案：C
第二部分：閱讀測驗（Reading Comprehension）
Part 1：高階字彙（Advanced Vocabulary — 15 題）
說明： 選出最適合填入空格的單字。高級字彙題考的是近義詞辨析和搭配詞知識。
- The ambassador’s remarks, while carefully ________, nonetheless conveyed a clear dissatisfaction with the pace of the trade negotiations. (A) candid (B) diplomatic (C) verbose (D) dismissive
答案：B — diplomatic（外交辭令的）。candid = 坦率的（反而可能是相反的）；verbose = 冗長的；dismissive = 輕蔑的。
- The study’s findings ________ several long-held assumptions about the relationship between screen time and adolescent mental health. (A) corroborated (B) undermined (C) perpetuated (D) consolidated
答案：B — undermined（削弱/破壞）。corroborated = 證實；perpetuated = 使延續；consolidated = 鞏固。
- Far from being a ________ issue, the degradation of soil quality poses an existential threat to global food security within the next half-century. (A) peripheral (B) paramount (C) ubiquitous (D) imminent
答案：A — peripheral（邊緣的/次要的）。“Far from being a peripheral issue” = 遠非一個次要問題。paramount = 最重要的；ubiquitous = 無所不在的；imminent = 即將發生的。
- The author’s latest novel is an ambitious attempt to ________ the immigrant experience through the intertwining narratives of four generations of a single family. (A) circumvent (B) delineate (C) obliterate (D) expedite
答案：B — delineate（描繪/刻畫）。circumvent = 繞過；obliterate = 抹除；expedite = 加快。
- The committee’s report was criticized for its ________ treatment of the ethical dimensions of gene editing — it devoted a mere two paragraphs to a subject that deserved an entire chapter. (A) exhaustive (B) meticulous (C) cursory (D) definitive
答案：C — cursory（草率的/粗略的）。只給了兩段 → 草率的處理。exhaustive = 詳盡的；meticulous = 一絲不苟的；definitive = 權威的。
- The rapid ________ of misinformation during the public health crisis underscored the urgent need for stronger digital literacy programs. (A) proliferation (B) attenuation (C) stagnation (D) corroboration
答案：A — proliferation（擴散/激增）。attenuation = 減弱；stagnation = 停滯；corroboration = 佐證。
- Her argument was ________ — logically coherent and well-supported by evidence, yet somehow failing to persuade her audience. (A) fallacious (B) cogent (C) belligerent (D) superfluous
答案：B — cogent（有說服力的/言之成理的）。邏輯一致又有證據支持 → cogent。但「yet failing to persuade」形成轉折。fallacious = 謬誤的；belligerent = 好鬥的；superfluous = 多餘的。
- The policy was designed to ________ the worst effects of the recession rather than address its structural causes — a distinction that its critics were quick to point out. (A) exacerbate (B) precipitate (C) mitigate (D) instigate
答案：C — mitigate（減輕/緩和）。exacerbate = 惡化；precipitate = 加速引發；instigate = 煽動。
- The historian’s analysis was praised for its ________ treatment of primary sources, which had been largely overlooked by previous scholarship. (A) negligent (B) cursory (C) rigorous (D) perfunctory
答案：C — rigorous（嚴謹的/徹底的）。negligent = 疏忽的；cursory = 草率的；perfunctory = 敷衍的。
- The company’s decision to withdraw from the market was not a sign of defeat but a ________ strategic retreat, allowing it to consolidate resources for a more favorable opportunity elsewhere. (A) haphazard (B) pragmatic (C) reckless (D) impulsive
答案：B — pragmatic（務實的）。haphazard = 隨意的；reckless = 不計後果的；impulsive = 衝動的。
- Despite decades of research, the precise mechanism by which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect remains ________. (A) ubiquitous (B) conspicuous (C) elusive (D) conducive
答案：C — elusive（難以捉摸的/難以確定的）。ubiquitous = 無所不在的；conspicuous = 顯眼的；conducive = 有助於…的。
- The documentary offers an ________ look at the fashion industry’s environmental footprint, sparing no detail in its indictment of fast fashion. (A) obsequious (B) unflinching (C) indifferent (D) cursory
答案：B — unflinching（不退縮的/堅定的）。“sparing no detail” = 不放過任何細節 → unflinching。obsequious = 諂媚的；indifferent = 漠不關心的；cursory = 草率的。
- The philosopher argued that consciousness cannot be ________ to mere neural activity — there is something irreducibly subjective about first-person experience. (A) elevated (B) attributed (C) reduced (D) subjected
答案：C — reduced（簡化/化約）。“reduced to” = 被化約成。attributed to = 歸因於（後面接原因，但這裡是 equating x to y）。
- The negotiations reached an ________ when neither side proved willing to compromise on the fundamental issue of intellectual property rights enforcement. (A) impasse (B) accord (C) zenith (D) overture
答案：A — impasse（僵局/死胡同）。accord = 協議；zenith = 巔峰；overture = 開場白/提議。
- Her writing style is characterized by an almost ________ clarity — every sentence seems to have been distilled to its purest and most essential form. (A) opaque (B) convoluted (C) austere (D) labyrinthine
答案：C — austere（簡樸的/精煉的）。distilled to purest form → austere clarity。opaque = 模糊不清的；convoluted = 錯綜複雜的；labyrinthine = 迷宮般的。
Part 2：克漏字（Cloze Test — 10 題）
Passage 1 (Questions 46-50):
The relationship between economic inequality and social mobility is more __46__ than popular discourse often suggests. The conventional wisdom — that high inequality inevitably __47__ social mobility — is supported by cross-national comparisons at the extremes, but the picture becomes murkier when examining countries in the middle of the distribution. Several Nordic countries maintain relatively high social mobility despite above-average inequality in wealth (as __48__ from income), suggesting that the institutional context — particularly access to quality education and healthcare — can partially __49__ the effects of financial inequality on life outcomes. This doesn’t mean inequality is harmless; rather, it suggests that the mechanism connecting inequality to reduced mobility operates through specific __50__, which can be targeted by policy interventions.
- (A) straightforward (B) nuanced (C) transparent (D) negligible
答案：B — nuanced（細微複雜的）
- (A) fosters (B) enhances (C) stifles (D) accelerates
答案：C — stifles（扼殺/阻礙）
- (A) distinct (B) distinctive (C) distinguished (D) distinguishing
答案：A — distinct（不同的/分開的）。as distinct from = 與…區別
- (A) exacerbate (B) compound (C) offset (D) replicate
答案：C — offset（抵銷/補償）
- (A) channels (B) obstructions (C) detours (D) barriers
答案：A — channels（管道/途徑）
Passage 2 (Questions 51-55):
The “replication crisis” in psychology and biomedical research has prompted an unprecedented period of methodological __51__. At its core, the crisis stems from a confluence of practices — small sample sizes, selective reporting of positive results, and what has been termed “p-hacking,” the manipulation of data analysis until statistically __52__ results emerge — that collectively inflate the rate of false-positive findings. The response from the scientific community has been multifaceted: preregistration of study designs, __53__ data sharing, and a growing norm of publishing replication attempts — even, and perhaps especially, when they fail to __54__ the original findings. Critics of these reforms argue that they impose bureaucratic burdens that __55__ creativity, but proponents counter that the status quo ante — in which a substantial proportion of published findings may be unreliable — is untenable for a discipline whose findings inform medical treatment and public policy.
- (A) stagnation (B) introspection (C) proliferation (D) regression
答案：B — introspection（自我反省/內省）
- (A) insignificant (B) significant (C) indicative (D) vindictive
答案：B — significant（顯著的）。p-hacking 就是為了得到 statistically significant results
- (A) mandatory (B) voluntary (C) restricted (D) classified
答案：A — mandatory（強制的）
- (A) refute (B) corroborate (C) contradict (D) dispute
答案：B — corroborate（證實/確認）
- (A) stimulate (B) stifle (C) cultivate (D) nurture
答案：B — stifle（扼殺/壓制）
Part 3：閱讀理解（Reading Comprehension — 15 題）
Passage A (Questions 56-58):
The history of antibiotics is a story of triumph followed by hubris followed, in our present era, by a gathering sense of crisis. When Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, and when it was subsequently developed into a mass-produced medicine during World War II, it seemed to herald the end of infectious disease as a serious threat to human life. The postwar decades saw an explosion of antibiotic development, with new classes of drugs introduced at a pace that easily outstripped the ability of bacteria to evolve resistance — or so it appeared.
What was not adequately anticipated was the sheer Darwinian speed at which bacterial populations, with their short generation times and vast numbers, could adapt. By the 1990s, multidrug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, staphylococcus, and other pathogens had emerged as serious clinical threats. The pipeline of new antibiotics, meanwhile, had slowed to a trickle — a consequence of pharmaceutical companies redirecting research funding toward more profitable chronic-disease medications rather than short-course antibiotics.
The economic dimension of this crisis is seldom discussed but is arguably central. Antibiotics are a classic case of market failure in pharmaceuticals: they are drugs that must be used sparingly to remain effective (to slow the development of resistance), which makes them far less profitable than medications taken daily for decades. Proposals to address this include “market entry rewards” — substantial payments to companies that bring new antibiotics to market, decoupled from sales volume — and public-private partnerships modeled on those that developed COVID-19 vaccines.
- What does the author identify as the primary economic problem with antibiotic development? (A) The raw materials needed for production are too expensive. (B) Antibiotics must be used sparingly to remain effective, which limits their profitability. (C) Pharmaceutical companies lack the technical expertise to develop new classes of drugs. (D) Government regulations make it impossible to bring antibiotics to market.
答案：B
- What solution does the passage mention for addressing the market failure in antibiotics? (A) Requiring pharmaceutical companies to invest a fixed percentage in antibiotic research. (B) “Market entry rewards” — substantial payments decoupled from sales volume. (C) Eliminating all patent protection for antibiotics to encourage competition. (D) Subsidizing patient purchases of antibiotics to increase demand.
答案：B
- The author’s tone in this passage can best be described as: (A) Celebratory and triumphalist (B) Alarmist and sensational (C) Analytical and concerned (D) Sarcastic and dismissive
答案：C
Passage B (Questions 59-62):
In his 1971 book “A Theory of Justice,” the philosopher John Rawls proposed a thought experiment that has become one of the most influential ideas in modern political philosophy. He asked us to imagine ourselves behind a “veil of ignorance” — stripped of all knowledge about our personal characteristics: our social class, our talents, our conception of the good life, even our gender and race. From this position, Rawls argued, we would be forced to choose principles of justice that are fair to everyone, because we wouldn’t know where we ourselves would end up in the social hierarchy.
Rawls concluded that rational people behind the veil of ignorance would choose two principles. The first is that each person should have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for all. The second — known as the “difference principle” — is that social and economic inequalities are permissible only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. In other words, it’s acceptable for some people to earn more than others, but only if that inequality makes the poorest better off than they would be under a more equal distribution.
Critics have challenged Rawls on multiple fronts. Libertarians like Robert Nozick argued that the difference principle illegitimately treats individuals’ talents as common assets to be redistributed. Communitarians like Michael Sandel questioned whether the “unencumbered self” posited by the veil of ignorance is even a coherent concept — we are, they argue, fundamentally constituted by our relationships, communities, and histories. Feminist philosophers like Susan Okin found in Rawls a powerful framework for critiquing gender injustice, but argued that he failed to apply his own principles consistently to the institution of the family.
- What is the purpose of Rawls’s “veil of ignorance”? (A) To argue that people are fundamentally selfish without social constraints. (B) To illustrate how ignorance leads to poor political decision-making. (C) To create a thought experiment in which people choose fair principles without knowing their own social position. (D) To demonstrate the impossibility of achieving true justice in any society.
答案：C
- According to Rawls’s difference principle, when are economic inequalities acceptable? (A) When they result from hard work and talent rather than inheritance. (B) When they benefit the least advantaged members of society. (C) When they are modest and do not exceed a specific ratio. (D) When they are voluntarily accepted by all members of society.
答案：B
- What was Robert Nozick’s main criticism of Rawls? (A) The veil of ignorance experiment is too abstract to be useful. (B) The difference principle wrongly treats individual talents as common assets. (C) Rawls failed to consider the role of democratic institutions. (D) The theory doesn’t address gender-based inequalities.
答案：B
- What did Susan Okin argue regarding Rawls’s theory? (A) Rawls provided a powerful framework for critiquing gender injustice but failed to apply his principles consistently to the family. (B) Rawls’s theory is entirely inapplicable to feminist concerns. (C) Rawls should have placed gender at the center of his theory of justice. (D) The veil of ignorance experiment should explicitly include gender as a characteristic to be hidden.
答案：A
Passage C (Questions 63-67):
The concept of the Anthropocene — a proposed geological epoch defined by humanity’s dominant influence on Earth’s systems — has migrated from the specialized discourse of earth scientists into the broader cultural conversation with remarkable speed. The term, popularized by atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen in 2000, crystallizes an unsettling recognition: that human activity has become a force comparable in scale to the great geological processes that shaped the planet over billions of years.
But the Anthropocene is not merely a scientific designation. It is also, and perhaps primarily, a moral and political challenge. If humans are now collectively responsible for steering the planetary system, then questions of justice, responsibility, and power become inescapable. Who bears responsibility for this transformation? The question cannot be answered by geology alone. Historical data on cumulative carbon emissions reveals a stark asymmetry: the industrialized nations of the Global North, representing a small fraction of the world’s population, account for the vast majority of greenhouse gases accumulated in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. Yet the most severe consequences of climate change — rising sea levels, extreme weather, crop failures — disproportionately affect poorer nations in the Global South that contributed least to the problem.
This asymmetry has led some scholars to propose alternative terms that foreground historical responsibility. The “Capitalocene” emphasizes capitalism’s structural imperative for endless growth as the driver of environmental degradation. The “Plantationocene” focuses on the plantation system’s role in reshaping both landscapes and social relations on a global scale. These alternative framings share a conviction that “Anthropocene” — with its implication that “humanity” as an undifferentiated whole is responsible — obscures more than it reveals about the forces that brought us to this moment.
- What does the term “Anthropocene” refer to? (A) A new species of human that has evolved to adapt to climate change. (B) A proposed geological epoch in which human activity is the dominant influence on Earth’s systems. (C) The historical period beginning with the Industrial Revolution. (D) A scientific movement focused on preserving biodiversity.
答案：B
- According to the passage, what is the key asymmetry in climate responsibility? (A) Current generations suffer consequences caused by past generations. (B) Industrialized nations produced most emissions, but poorer nations suffer the worst consequences. (C) Rich individuals within every country are more responsible than poor individuals. (D) The agricultural sector causes more emissions than the transportation sector.
答案：B
- What criticism of the term “Anthropocene” do the alternative terms (“Capitalocene,” “Plantationocene”) address? (A) It is too difficult for non-scientists to understand. (B) It implies that all of humanity is equally responsible, obscuring specific historical forces. (C) It overemphasizes the role of technology in environmental change. (D) It was coined by a scientist rather than by historians, who are better qualified.
答案：B
- The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to: (A) Provide a definitive geological timeline for the Anthropocene. (B) Argue that the Anthropocene is a scientifically invalid concept. (C) Examine the moral and political dimensions of the Anthropocene concept and its alternatives. (D) Advocate for specific climate policies to address global warming.
答案：C
- The word “crystallizes” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to: (A) complicates (B) solidifies (C) obscures (D) contradicts
答案：B
Passage D (Questions 68-70):
The rise of algorithmic decision-making in criminal justice — from risk assessment tools used in bail hearings to predictive policing algorithms that determine where officers are deployed — has been presented by its proponents as a solution to human bias. The argument is seductive: unlike human judges, who may be influenced by fatigue, prejudice, or the defendant’s appearance, an algorithm applies consistent criteria to every case.
But a growing body of research complicates this narrative. A landmark 2016 investigation by ProPublica found that COMPAS, a widely used recidivism prediction algorithm, was twice as likely to incorrectly flag Black defendants as high risk compared to white defendants, while also being more likely to incorrectly classify white defendants as low risk. The algorithm was not explicitly told about race — but it didn’t need to be. It absorbed racial bias through proxy variables: prior arrest records, employment status, neighborhood characteristics — all of which are shaped by historical and ongoing racial discrimination in policing and economic opportunity.
This reveals a deeper problem with algorithmic fairness. An algorithm trained on data generated by a biased system will, absent deliberate intervention, reproduce and amplify that bias. The seductive objectivity of the algorithm becomes a legitimizing veneer for existing inequalities, making them appear as neutral, mathematical outputs rather than what they are: the encoded residue of historical injustice.
- What was the key finding of the ProPublica investigation into the COMPAS algorithm? (A) The algorithm was more accurate than human judges in predicting recidivism. (B) The algorithm showed racial disparities: it incorrectly flagged Black defendants as high risk at twice the rate of white defendants. (C) The algorithm completely eliminated racial bias from bail decisions. (D) The algorithm was programmed to explicitly consider race as a factor.
答案：B
- How did the algorithm absorb racial bias despite not being given data about race? (A) Through deliberate programming by racist developers. (B) Through proxy variables shaped by historical discrimination — prior arrests, employment status, neighborhood. (C) Through random statistical noise in the training data. (D) Through feedback from judges who used the algorithm’s recommendations.
答案：B
- What is the author’s central argument about algorithmic decision-making in criminal justice? (A) Algorithms are inherently superior to human judgment and should replace it as quickly as possible. (B) Algorithmic objectivity can legitimize existing inequalities by making biased outputs appear neutral and mathematical. (C) Criminal justice algorithms should be banned entirely because they are always biased. (D) The problem is easily solved by removing race-related variables from the training data.
答案：B
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Listening Answer Key
| Part 1 (Q1-10) | B, C, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B | | Part 2 (Q11-20) | B, C, B, C, B, B, B, C, C, B | | Part 3 (Q21-30) | B, B, B, B, C, B, B, B, D, C |
Reading Answer Key
| Part 1 (Q31-45) | B, B, A, B, C, A, B, C, C, B, C, B, C, A, C | | Part 2 (Q46-55) | B, C, A, C, A, B, B, A, B, B | | Part 3 (Q56-70) | B, B, C, C, B, B, A, B, C, B, B, B, B, B, B |
分數級距
| 聽力正確 | 閱讀正確 | 評估 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 36-40 | 通過高級穩了 |
| 24-26 | 32-35 | 邊緣，再加強 |
| 20-23 | 28-31 | 離通過還有一段 |
| Below 20 | Below 28 | 建議先鞏固中高級 |
本回重點單字 (15 Key Vocabulary Words)
| 英文 | 中文 | 出現位置 |
|---|---|---|
| prudent | 謹慎的/審慎的 | Part 1 Q1 |
| reconcile | 調和/使一致 | Part 1 Q2 |
| methodological | 方法論的 | Part 2 Pass 2 |
| counterintuitive | 違反直覺的 | Part 3 Mon 2 |
| hyperbolic | 誇張的 | Part 3 Mon 3 |
| proliferation | 擴散/激增 | Part 1 Vocab Q36 |
| cogent | 言之成理的 | Part 1 Vocab Q37 |
| unflinching | 不退縮的/堅定的 | Part 1 Vocab Q42 |
| impasse | 僵局 | Part 1 Vocab Q44 |
| corroborate | 證實/確認 | Part 2 Pass 2 |
| hubris | 傲慢/自大 | Part 3 Pass A |
| recidivism | 再犯 | Part 3 Pass D |
| proxy | 代理/替代指標 | Part 3 Pass D |
| asymmetry | 不對稱 | Part 3 Pass C |
| crystallize | 具體化/明確化 | Part 3 Pass C |
威威老師考後提醒
高級 Mock 1 是 C1 入門級別。如果你發現 Part 1 的高階字彙錯超過 5 題，先把 高級單字手冊 的前 30 組近義詞辨析讀熟。聽力的長篇獨白是最難抓的——建議練習時每篇聽兩遍：第一遍抓主旨，第二遍抓細節數字。