威威老師的文法特快車:代名詞 (Pronouns)

課程導航


哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。

來,做一個小實驗:把下面這段話念出來——

“Tom is a student. Tom likes English. Tom plays basketball every day. Tom’s mom often makes Tom’s lunch for Tom.”

念完是不是覺得整段「卡卡的」、有種詭異的重複感?這就是英文沒有代名詞的世界。幸好英文有代名詞——同樣的意思可以這樣寫:

“Tom is a student. He likes English. He plays basketball every day. His mom often makes his lunch for him.”

順暢多了對吧?

代名詞看似簡單,但藏著台灣學生一寫英文就露餡的 4 大地雷:

  • its vs. it’s——一個撇號,意思天差地遠
  • 主格 vs. 受格——“Me and her are friends” 是錯的!
  • 單數 vs. 複數判斷——“Everyone are happy” 是錯的!
  • 形式主詞 it——“It’s important to ___“,這個 it 是什麼來歷?

今天威威老師帶你把代名詞的五張臉、五大用途、五個陷阱全部踩平。

繫好安全帶 🚂


課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 三題小謎題

先憑直覺答:

  1. 「Tom is a student. ____ likes English.」空格填 He 還是 Him?
  2. 「This book is ____ (I).」空格要填 my, mine, me, 還是 I?
  3. 「Each student ____ (have/has) a book.」要選 have 還是 has?

寫下答案再往下看 👇


一、為什麼需要代名詞?

代名詞 (Pronouns) 的工作只有一個:代替名詞,避免無聊的重複。

但代名詞不只是「替身演員」——它還會根據在句子裡的角色變身。同一個「我」,在不同位置會變成 5 種不同的字(I, me, my, mine, myself)。這是中文沒有的概念,也是台灣學生的痛點。

💡 威威核心比喻:代名詞像超人——同一個人,但根據場合穿不同制服。

  • 當主角(主詞):穿西裝(I
  • 被別人指著(受詞):穿便服(me
  • 擁有東西(所有格):穿名牌(my
  • 「我的東西」整體(所有格代名詞):戴名牌包(mine
  • 自己對自己(反身):穿全套盔甲(myself

二、人稱代名詞 (Personal Pronouns) — 五張臉表

英文人稱代名詞有 8 個人稱 × 5 種變化 = 40 個字。聽起來很多,但其實有規律。

2-1 終極五格全覽表(背下來,文法基礎一半解決)

人稱主格 (Subject)受格 (Object)所有格 (Possessive Adj.)所有格代名詞 (Possessive Pron.)反身代名詞 (Reflexive)
Imemyminemyself
youyouyouryoursyourself
hehimhishishimself
sheherherhersherself
itititsitsitself
我們weusouroursourselves
你們youyouyouryoursyourselves
他們theythemtheirtheirsthemselves

💎 觀察小發現:

  • 「你」的單數和複數主格/受格/所有格 都一樣(you / your),唯一差別在反身(yourself vs. yourselves)。
  • 「他 he」的所有格 (his) 和所有格代名詞 (his) 一模一樣——所以 his 看上下文判斷。
  • 「它 it」的所有格 (its) 和所有格代名詞 (its) 也一樣,而且都沒有撇號!(撇號的 it’s = it is)。

2-2 五格各自的工作

A. 主格 (Subject) — 句子的「主角」

用法例句
動詞前面(當主詞)He is tall.
搭配 be 動詞They are students.
搭配一般動詞She likes music.

🔑 記法:主格 = 主角,永遠站在動詞前面,當「老大」。

B. 受格 (Object) — 動作的「承受者」

用法例句
及物動詞後面I love her.
介系詞後面This is for you.
授與動詞「人」位置She told us a story.

🚨 超大陷阱:介系詞後面永遠用受格! ❌ Between you and I… ✅ Between you and me… 因為 between 是介系詞,後面要用 me(受格)。

C. 所有格 (Possessive Adjective) — 形容詞身份

用法例句
形容名詞,後面一定要接名詞This is my book.
不能單獨出現This is my.

D. 所有格代名詞 (Possessive Pronoun) — 「所有格 + 名詞」的縮寫

用法例句等於…
取代「所有格 + 名詞」整體The car is mine.= my car
後面不接名詞This pen is hers.= her pen
可以單獨出現Theirs is bigger than ours.= Their X / Our X

🎯 比較重點:

  • 所有格 (my, your, his…) → 後面一定要接名詞。
  • 所有格代名詞 (mine, yours, his…) → 後面不接名詞,自己整個就是「所有格 + 名詞」。

E. 反身代名詞 (Reflexive) — 動作回到自己身上

用法例句
動作的承受者就是主詞自己I hurt myself.
強調「親自」She did it herself.
與 by 連用 = 「獨自」I live by myself.

常見搭配:

片語意思例句
by + 反身獨自I did it by myself.
enjoy + 反身玩得開心Enjoy yourself!
help + 反身自助/自己拿Please help yourself to the cookies.
teach + 反身自學He taught himself Japanese.
hurt + 反身弄傷自己Be careful not to hurt yourself.
make + 反身 + at home把自己當在家Make yourself at home.

💎 威威小提醒:反身代名詞的規律是「所有格 + self/selves」—— my + self = myself ✓ her + self = herself ✓ our + selves = ourselves ✓ 唯一例外:him + self = himself(不是 hisself!hisself 在標準英語中不存在)

🎯 人稱代名詞即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in the correct pronoun: “My sister and ____ went to the movies. Mom prepared snacks for ____.” (I/me) … (we/us)

2. Choose the correct sentence: (A) Me and him are best friends. (B) Him and me are best friends. (C) He and I are best friends. (D) I and he are best friends.

3. 改錯:This is hers book.

4. Fill in: “The kids enjoyed ______ at the playground.” (themselves / theirselves)

5. Translate: 「這把傘是我的,那把是她的。」(Use possessive pronouns)

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


三、指示代名詞 (Demonstrative Pronouns)

3-1 this / that / these / those — 距離 + 數量

代名詞中文距離
this這個
that那個
these這些
those那些

例句

this/these(近)that/those(遠)
This is my pen.That is the moon.
These are my friends.Those were the days.
Look at these flowers!Who is that in the photo?
This tastes great!That sounds like a good idea.

3-2 雙重身份:當代名詞 vs. 當形容詞

this/that/these/those 後面有名詞 → 是形容詞;沒名詞 → 是代名詞。

當代名詞(單獨用)當形容詞(後接名詞)
This is good.This book is good.
That is expensive.That car is expensive.
These are mine.These shoes are mine.
Those were beautiful.Those days were beautiful.

3-3 高階用法:that / those 取代前面提到的名詞

GRE / 學測閱讀超常考!比較句中常用 that / those 避免重複:

例句解讀
The economy of Japan is larger than that of China.that = the economy(避免重複)
The shoes I bought are similar to those in the magazine.those = the shoes
The climate in Taiwan is milder than that in Korea.that = the climate

⚠️ 超經典 GRE 陷阱: 比較對象必須對等! ❌ The economy of Japan is larger than China.(經濟 vs. 國家——錯!) ✅ The economy of Japan is larger than that of China.(經濟 vs. 經濟——對!)

🎯 指示代名詞即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose the correct one: ”______ shoes over there are too small for me.” (A) This (B) That (C) These (D) Those

2. Fill in: “Look at ______ beautiful flowers in the garden!” (這些)

3. 改錯:The weather in Taipei is hotter than Tokyo.

4. Choose all correct sentences: (A) This is mine. (B) These is yours. (C) Those are theirs. (D) That is hers.

5. Translate: 「那本書比這本書更有趣。」(Use that/this for comparison)

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


四、不定代名詞 (Indefinite Pronouns) — 數量精靈

不定代名詞用來表示「不確定的數量」——但每一個都有自己的脾氣(單數還是複數,配什麼動詞)。

4-1 some vs. any — 「肯定 vs. 中立/否定」

someany
肯定句I need some water. ✓I need any water.
否定句I don’t need some water.I don’t need any water. ✓
疑問句Would you like some tea?(期待 yesDo you have any questions?(中性詢問)

🎯 威威記法: some 「比較友善」——用在肯定句、或期待對方說 yes 的禮貌邀請;any 「中立或否定」——用在問句和否定句。

4-2 可數 vs. 不可數的數量詞

可數 (Countable)不可數 (Uncountable)
很多many booksmuch water
一些(正面)a few friendsa little time
幾乎沒有(負面)few friendslittle time

💎 超經典「a」的有無:

  • a few / a little(正面,「還有一些」):有 a → 還不錯! 😊
  • few / little(負面,「幾乎沒有」):沒 a → 不太好! 😢

比較:

  • I have a few friends in Tokyo. → 我在東京還有幾個朋友(不錯)。
  • I have few friends in Tokyo. → 我在東京幾乎沒朋友(很慘)。

4-3 each vs. every — 「個別 vs. 全體」

eachevery
強調個別(一個一個來看)全體(整體來看)
數量限制兩個以上都可以三個以上才用
可否單獨用可以(Each has a book.)不行(一定要接名詞)
動詞永遠單數永遠單數
例句用法
Each student has a book.each + 單數 + 單數動詞
Every child needs love.every + 單數 + 單數動詞
Each of us is responsible.each of + 複數 + 單數動詞
Every one of them has a story.every one of + 複數 + 單數動詞

🚨 必背陷阱:each / every + 單數動詞! ❌ Each student have a book. ✅ Each student has a book. ❌ Every boy and girl are here. ✅ Every boy and girl is here.(even 兩個 and 連起來,every 仍視為單數)

4-4 both / either / neither

意思動詞例句
both兩者都複數Both are correct.
either兩者之一單數Either is fine.
neither兩者都不單數Neither is wrong.

🎯 記法:both 是「兩個」→ 複數;either / neither 都是「一個」(一個對 / 一個都不對)→ 單數。

4-5 -one / -body / -thing 結尾的不定代名詞 — 永遠單數!

對象意思
someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody某/任何/每/無 人
something, anything, everything, nothing某/任何/每/無 物

🚨 黃金鐵律:以 -one, -body, -thing 結尾的不定代名詞 → 永遠單數!動詞用單數! ❌ Everyone are happy. ✅ Everyone is happy. ❌ Nobody know the answer. ✅ Nobody knows the answer.

🎯 不定代名詞即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in (some / any): (a) I have ______ questions about this. (b) Do you have ______ questions?(一般詢問) (c) Would you like ______ coffee?(禮貌邀請)

2. Fill in (a few / few / a little / little): (a) I have ______ time, so let’s hurry. (時間很少,緊張!) (b) She has ______ friends—she’s never alone. (有不少朋友) (c) There is ______ milk left. We need to buy more. (幾乎沒了) (d) Give me ______ minutes to think. (還有幾分鐘)

3. 改錯:Each of the students have their own laptop.

4. Choose all incorrect sentences: (A) Both of them are coming. (B) Either of these answers is correct. (C) Neither of the options are good. (D) Both is fine.

5. Fill in: ”______ in the room ______ aware of the danger.”(房間裡每個人都知道危險) (用 Everyone / Everybody)

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


五、it 的特殊用法 — 全英文最會「兼差」的字

it 平常代表「它」,但 it 還有 5 種「兼差身份」——這 5 種用法是學測必考!

5-1 it 用於天氣

例句中文
It is raining.在下雨。
It is hot today.今天很熱。
It is getting dark.天黑了。
It snowed all night.整晚下雪。

5-2 it 用於時間

例句中文
It is three o’clock.三點了。
It is Monday.今天星期一。
It is May 1st.五月一日。
It is time to go.該走了。

5-3 it 用於距離

例句中文
It is far from here.離這裡很遠。
It is two kilometers to school.到學校 2 公里。
It takes 20 minutes by bus.搭公車 20 分鐘。

5-4 形式主詞 (Formal Subject) — 「先佔位子的 it」

當真正的主詞太長時(例如 to V 或 that 子句),英文喜歡先放一個 it 佔位子,把長主詞放後面:

用 it 的版本真正主詞前置(彆扭)
It is important to learn English.To learn English is important.
It is true that he is a genius.That he is a genius is true.
It is not easy to speak French fluently.To speak French fluently is not easy.

💎 為什麼 it 這個位置這麼重要?因為英文有「頭重腳輕忌諱」——主詞太長句子會「頭重腳輕」,所以塞個 it 來平衡。

5-5 形式受詞 (Formal Object) — 「先佔位子的 it 2.0」

同樣道理,受詞太長時也可以用 it 先佔位:

用 it 的版本中文
I think it necessary to study hard.我覺得認真讀書是必要的。
She made it clear that she was angry.她明確表示她生氣了。
I find it hard to believe the story.我覺得很難相信這個故事。

⏩ 形式主詞/受詞的詳細用法在 23 名詞子句 會深入展開。

🎯 it 的特殊用法即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in: ”______ is raining heavily today.” (A) This (B) That (C) It (D) There

2. Translate: 「現在是早上九點。」(Use it for time)

3. Choose the correct one: ”______ is important to drink enough water.” (A) That (B) This (C) It (D) He

4. Identify the function of “it” in each: (a) The cat is hungry. It wants food. (b) It’s snowing in Hokkaido. (c) It is dangerous to swim alone.

5. 改錯:Is necessary to study every day.

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


六、考試陷阱大整理

學測必考的 5 大代名詞陷阱

陷阱 1:its vs. it’s

意思詞性例句
its它的(所有格)代名詞The dog wagged its tail.
it’sit is / it has 縮寫縮寫It’s raining. / It’s been a long day.

🎯 絕對記法:有撇號 = 縮寫;沒撇號 = 所有格。 (平行記憶:你會說「他是」要用 he’s(縮寫);「他的」要用 his(所有格)。其他代名詞同理。)

陷阱 2:their vs. there vs. they’re

意思詞性
their他們的所有格
there那裡副詞/代名詞
they’rethey are 縮寫縮寫

例句:

  • They’re going to their house over there.

陷阱 3:主格 vs. 受格混淆

錯誤 ❌正確 ✅原因
Him and I went.He and I went.主詞用主格
Me and her are friends.She and I are friends.主詞用主格 + 禮貌排序
The teacher gave he a book.The teacher gave him a book.受詞用受格
Between you and I.Between you and me.介系詞後用受格

🎯 威威神技:「刪掉另一個人」測試法 “Him and I went.” → 刪掉 “and I” → “Him went.” ❌ 不通 → 應改 “He went.” → 所以用 He and I

陷阱 4:不定代名詞 + 單數動詞

凡是 -one, -body, -thing, each, every, either, neither → 永遠單數

陷阱 5:所有格 vs. 所有格代名詞

後面有名詞 → 用所有格 (my, your, his…) 後面沒名詞 → 用所有格代名詞 (mine, yours, his…)


章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題

應試指引

30 題分三難度:基礎 (1-10) / 進階 (11-20) / 挑戰 (21-30)。 建議:基礎 5 分鐘 / 進階 10 分鐘 / 挑戰 15 分鐘。先做題再對答!


🟢 基礎題 (1-10):填入正確代名詞

1. Tom is my brother. ______ is a doctor.

2. I like Mary. I gave ______ a present.

3. This is not my book. It’s ______ (her).

4. The children enjoyed ______ at the party.

5. ______ of the two answers is correct.(兩者之一)

6. I have ______ money left. I can’t even buy lunch.(幾乎沒有,不可數)

7. Look at ______ stars in the sky! They’re amazing.(這些)

8. Is this your pen? No, it isn’t ______.(我的,所有格代名詞)

9. She did all the homework by ______.(她自己)

10. ______ student in the class passed the test, no exceptions.(強調全體中的每一個)


🟡 進階題 (11-20)

11. Choose: The dog wagged ______ tail. (A) it’s (B) its (C) their (D) hers

12. Choose: ______ of the students were late today. (A) Neither (B) Both (C) Either (D) Each

13. Choose: There are ______ people in the room. I can count only three. (A) a few (B) a little (C) much (D) little

14. 改錯:Between you and I, this is a secret.

15. Choose: Everyone in my class ______ hard. (A) study (B) studies (C) are studying (D) study

16. Choose: I don’t have ______ time. (A) some (B) a (C) any (D) many

17. Choose: ______ is important to eat breakfast every day. (A) He (B) She (C) It (D) This

18. Choose: She has ______ friends. She is very lonely. (A) a few (B) few (C) a little (D) little

19. Choose: My parents are doctors. ______ work at the same hospital. (A) He (B) She (C) They (D) We

20. 改錯:Me and my brother go to school together.


🔴 挑戰題 (21-30):跨章節綜合 + 寫作應用

21. Translate: 「每個學生都要為自己的學習負責。」(Use each / every + 反身代名詞)

22. Fill in the correct pronouns: “She told ______ (we) that ______ (she) brother would visit. ______ (he) was arriving on Saturday.”

23. Translate: 「這不是我的,是他的。」(Use possessive pronouns)

24. Fill in: ”______ shoes are too small for me. Do you have ______ in a bigger size?” (原句「這些鞋」+「那些(其他的)」)

25. Identify the type and function of “it” in each sentence: (a) “It is 6 PM in Taipei now.” (b) “I bought a new phone, but it doesn’t work.” (c) “It is necessary that everyone follow the rules.” (d) “I find it strange that he didn’t show up.”

26. Find and correct all errors in the paragraph: “Me and my friend visited Taipei last weekend. We had so much fun. Everyone we met were so nice. The food was delicious—I think this restaurants are the best in town. Each of we tried different dishes.”

27. Write a sentence using each of the following: (a) Possessive pronoun (mine, yours, etc.) (b) Reflexive pronoun (c) Formal subject “it” (d) Indefinite pronoun (anyone, someone, etc.)

28. Translate the dialogue: A: 這本書是誰的?(Whose) B: 是我的。(Use possessive pronoun) A: 那我的呢?我也買了一本!(Use possessive pronoun) B: 你的在桌上。(Use possessive adjective + 名詞)

29. Identify the case (subject / object / possessive) of each underlined pronoun: “He gave her his jacket because it was cold. She thanked him and put it on.”

30. Terminal challenge—comprehensive analysis: “Although nobody could find the missing key, everybody insisted that it was theirs.” (a) Identify all pronouns and their types. (b) Explain why “nobody / everybody” take singular verbs. (c) Why is “theirs” used instead of “their”?


章末總測驗 解答與詳解


🟢 基礎題 解答


🟡 進階題 解答


🔴 挑戰題 解答


課前快問 解答

1. “Tom is a student. ____ likes English.” → He(主詞位置,用主格)。

2. “This book is ____ (I).” → mine(所有格代名詞 = my book)。

3. “Each student ____ (have/has) a book.” → has(each 視為單數)。


自我評分

分數(30 題)等級建議
27-30🏆 威威等級代名詞五張臉、特殊用法全掌握,可進入 03 時式入門
22-26🥈 穩健等級重點複習 its/it’s、不定代名詞 + 單數動詞、形式主詞 it。
16-21🥉 加油等級把「五格全覽表」(2-1 節)默寫一遍;多練「刪掉另一個人」測試法。
0-15💪 再出發不要氣餒!每天默寫「五格全覽表」一次,一週後再做題。

複習計畫

時間內容方式
今天全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗一遍
第 3 天默寫「五格全覽表」 + 重做錯題主動回憶
第 7 天找一篇英文文章,圈出所有代名詞並判斷格實戰
第 14 天寫一段 100 字的自我介紹,至少用 5 種代名詞變化寫作應用
考試前重看「5 大陷阱」焦點複習

學習科學小知識:精緻化編碼 (Elaborative Encoding)

認知心理學家發現,把新知識和既有知識「綁在一起」,記憶效果遠勝於獨立背誦——這叫「精緻化編碼」。

應用到代名詞:

  • 不要單獨背 “myself, yourself, himself…”。
  • 要綁定「所有格 + self/selves」這個規律:my+self, her+self, them+selves…
  • 唯一例外(him+self)就用「特殊事件」記法——「他很特別,所以用 him 不用 his」。

大腦對「故事」「規律」「對比」的記憶遠勝於「死背清單」。一個有故事的記憶點,至少能撐 10 年;一個死背的點,3 天就忘。威威老師的所有「比喻」「口訣」「測試法」就是在做精緻化編碼——你不只記住答案,還記住「為什麼是這個答案」。


上一篇: 01 be動詞與一般動詞 下一篇: 03 時式入門 相關主題: 00 五大句型 | 09 名詞片語