威威老師的文法特快車：疑問句與否定句 (Questions & Negatives)
課程導航
哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，把下面的句子改成疑問句：
- “She likes coffee.”
- “He went to school.”
如果你的答案是 “Does she likes coffee?” 或 “Did he went to school?”——你被英文最大的「助動詞分工」陷阱抓到了。
英文問問題不像中文那麼簡單。中文「她喜歡咖啡」只要加個「嗎」就變問句：「她喜歡咖啡嗎？」但英文要：
- 找出助動詞（be / will / can / have…）
- 把它移到主詞前面
- 如果沒有助動詞，就請 do/does/did 來幫忙——而且原動詞要打回原形！
這個過程台灣學生常出兩種錯：忘了把動詞打回原形、助動詞用錯時態。今天威威老師帶你把疑問句和否定句的所有公式一次練到反射動作。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 09 名詞片語
- The girl ____ in the corner is my sister.（stand / standing / stood）
- I don’t know ____ he wants for his birthday.（that / what / which）
- Can you tell me how ____ this machine?（use / using / to use）
解答
- standing — 主動分詞片語（後位修飾）。
- what — wants 後缺受詞 → what (= the thing that)。
- to use — Wh- + to V 縮減用法。
一、疑問句的兩大家族
| Yes/No 問句 | Wh- 問句 | |
|---|---|---|
| 問什麼 | 是 / 否 | 具體資訊（人/事/時/地/物） |
| 答案 | Yes / No | 視 Wh- 而定 |
| 例句 | Do you like coffee? | What do you like? |
| 例句 | Is she a teacher? | Where does she work? |
💡 威威白話： Yes/No 問句是選擇題（兩個選項），Wh- 問句是填充題（要回答具體資訊）。
二、Yes/No 問句的三種變法
🎯 核心規則：把助動詞或 be 動詞移到主詞前面！
2-1 有 be 動詞的句子（直接搬）
| 直述句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|
| She is a doctor. | Is she a doctor? |
| They are happy. | Are they happy? |
| It was raining. | Was it raining? |
| You were at home. | Were you at home? |
2-2 有助動詞的句子（直接搬）
| 直述句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|
| She can swim. | Can she swim? |
| He will come. | Will he come? |
| They have finished. | Have they finished? |
| You should study. | Should you study? |
| She must leave. | Must she leave? |
2-3 沒 be 動詞、沒助動詞 → 請 do/does/did 幫忙！
🚨 一般動詞需要找「助動詞保鑣」——而且原動詞要打回原形！
| 直述句 | 疑問句 | 規則 |
|---|---|---|
| You like coffee. | Do you like coffee? | Do + 主詞 + 原形 V |
| She likes coffee. | Does she like coffee? | Does + 主詞 + 原形 V（likes → like） |
| She liked coffee. | Did she like coffee? | Did + 主詞 + 原形 V（liked → like） |
🚨 超經典陷阱：助動詞已經帶了人稱/時態，主動詞要打回原形！ ❌ Does she likes coffee? ❌ Did he went home? ✅ Does she like coffee? ✅ Did he go home?
🎯 Yes/No 問句即時練習（5 題）
1. 把下列句子改成 Yes/No 問句： (a) She is from Taiwan. (b) They have already left. (c) He plays basketball every weekend.
2. Choose: ______ you go to the party last night? (A) Do (B) Does (C) Did (D) Are
3. 改錯：Does she likes spicy food?
4. Choose: ______ they finished their homework yet? (A) Do (B) Did (C) Have (D) Are
5. Translate: 「你的妹妹會說中文嗎？」(Use Can)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：
(a) Is she from Taiwan?（be 動詞 is 移到前面） (b) Have they already left?（助動詞 have 移到前面） (c) Does he play basketball every weekend?（一般動詞 → 找 does，plays → play）
第 2 題：(C) Did
last night → 過去式 → Did。go 是一般動詞，需要 did 幫忙。
第 3 題：likes → like
✅ 修正：Does she like spicy food? 解析：Does 已帶三單標記，後面動詞要打回原形。
第 4 題：(C) Have
解析：yet → 完成式信號 → Have they finished + 過去分詞 (finished)。
第 5 題：Can your sister speak Chinese?
✅ 解析：can 是助動詞 → 直接移到主詞前。後面接原形動詞 speak。
三、Wh- 問句 — 不只問「什麼」
Wh- 問句 = Wh- 疑問詞 + Yes/No 問句結構
3-1 8 個基本疑問詞
| 疑問詞 | 問什麼 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What | 事物 | What is your name? |
| Who | 人（主詞） | Who called you? |
| Whom | 人（受詞） | Whom did you call? |
| Whose | 誰的 | Whose book is this? |
| Where | 地點 | Where do you live? |
| When | 時間 | When does the movie start? |
| Why | 原因 | Why are you late? |
| How | 方式/程度 | How do you go to school? |
| Which | 選擇（有選項範圍） | Which color do you prefer, red or blue? |
3-2 Who vs. Whom — 主格 vs. 受格
| Who | Whom | |
|---|---|---|
| 角色 | 主詞（做動作的人） | 受詞（接受動作的人） |
| 答案類型 | he, she, they | him, her, them |
| 後接 | 動詞 | 助動詞 + 主詞 |
| 例句 | Who called you?（主詞） | Whom did you call?（受詞） |
💎 判斷小技巧： 把答案套進去——
- “He called me.” → 主格 → 用 Who
- “I called him.” → 受格 → 用 Whom
💎 現代英文： 口語中 Whom 越來越少用，Who 在很多情況下都通用。但正式寫作和學測仍偏好 Whom。
3-3 How 的延伸用法
| 短語 | 問什麼 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| How old | 年齡 | How old are you? |
| How tall | 身高 | How tall is he? |
| How far | 距離 | How far is it? |
| How long | 時間長度 | How long does it take? |
| How often | 頻率 | How often do you exercise? |
| How much | 不可數量/價格 | How much is this? |
| How many | 可數數量 | How many students? |
| How come | 為什麼（口語） | How come you didn’t call?（= Why…） |
| How about | …如何？ | How about going for a walk? |
3-4 Wh- 問句的 3 個特殊狀況
A. 疑問詞當主詞時，不需要助動詞！
| 一般 Wh- 問句 | Wh- 當主詞 |
|---|---|
| Where did he go?（地方） | Who called you?（who 是主詞） |
| What did he say?（事物） | What happened?（what 是主詞） |
B. 介系詞的位置
介系詞可以放句尾（口語）或句首（正式）：
| 口語 | 正式 |
|---|---|
| Who are you talking to? | To whom are you talking? |
| What is he looking at? | At what is he looking?（少見） |
| Where are you from? | From where are you?（少見） |
C. 間接問句（embedded questions）
把問句嵌入到另一個句子裡時——不再倒裝！
| 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|---|---|
| What does she want? | I don’t know what she wants. |
| Where is he? | Could you tell me where he is? |
| Did she go? | I’m not sure if/whether she went. |
🚨 陷阱：間接問句不倒裝、不用 do/does/did！ ❌ I don’t know what does she want. ✅ I don’t know what she wants.
🎯 Wh- 問句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ did you put my keys? (A) What (B) Where (C) When (D) Who
2. Choose: ______ called you so early in the morning? (A) Who (B) Whom (C) What (D) Whose
3. Choose: I don’t know ______. (A) where is she (B) where she is (C) where does she (D) where she does
4. 改錯：Whom did go to the party?
5. Translate: 「你住在哪裡？」(Use Where)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) Where
✅ Where did you put my keys?（找鑰匙的地點）。
第 2 題：(A) Who
✅ Who called you? 解析：Who 在這裡是主詞（打電話的人）→ 後直接接動詞 called，不需要 did。 💎 對比：Whom did you call?（you 才是主詞，whom 是受詞）。
第 3 題：(B) where she is
✅ I don’t know where she is. 解析：間接問句不倒裝！主詞 she 後面接 is（正常語序）。
第 4 題：Whom → Who
✅ 修正：Who went to the party? 解析：went 後面沒有受詞，所以「去派對」的主詞缺失 → 用 Who（主格）。 💎 對比：Whom did you invite?（invite 後缺受詞 → Whom）
第 5 題：Where do you live?
✅ 解析：live 是一般動詞 → 找 do 幫忙。
四、否定句 — 在助動詞後加 not
4-1 否定句基本規則
| 直述句 | 否定句 | 規則 |
|---|---|---|
| She is happy. | She is not (isn’t) happy. | be + not |
| She can swim. | She cannot (can’t) swim. | 助動詞 + not |
| She has arrived. | She has not (hasn’t) arrived. | 助動詞 + not |
| She likes coffee. | She does not (doesn’t) like coffee. | 找 do 哥 + 原形 |
4-2 否定縮寫對照表（必背！）
| 完整 | 縮寫 |
|---|---|
| is not | isn’t |
| are not | aren’t |
| was not | wasn’t |
| were not | weren’t |
| do not | don’t |
| does not | doesn’t |
| did not | didn’t |
| has not | hasn’t |
| have not | haven’t |
| had not | hadn’t |
| cannot | can’t |
| could not | couldn’t |
| will not | won’t |
| would not | wouldn’t |
| should not | shouldn’t |
| must not | mustn’t |
🚨 特殊縮寫：
- cannot 是一個字（不是 can not）！
- will not → won’t（不是 willn’t）！這是英文中最不規律的縮寫之一。
- am not 沒有縮寫（amn’t 不存在）——附加問句要用 aren’t I（特例）。
4-3 半否定詞（Semi-negatives）
這些字本身就帶否定意味——不能再加 not！
| 字 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| never | 從不 | She never lies.（不能說 doesn’t never） |
| rarely / seldom | 很少 | He rarely complains. |
| hardly / scarcely | 幾乎不 | I hardly know her. |
| nobody / no one | 沒人 | Nobody came. |
| nothing | 沒事 | Nothing matters. |
| nowhere | 哪裡都沒 | I went nowhere. |
🚨 雙重否定陷阱（double negative）： 在英文裡，雙重否定 = 肯定！ ❌ I don’t know nothing.（雙重否定 = 我「知道某事」——不是英文母語者的意思） ✅ I know nothing. / I don’t know anything.
🎯 否定句即時練習（5 題）
1. Change to negative: She is going to the party.
2. Change to negative: He plays the piano.
3. Choose: He ______ to school today because he is sick. (A) didn’t went (B) didn’t go (C) doesn’t went (D) wasn’t go
4. 改錯：I don’t know nothing about it.
5. Translate: 「他昨天沒去學校。」(Use didn’t)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：She is not (isn't) going to the party.
✅ be 動詞 (is) + not。
第 2 題：He doesn't play the piano.
✅ 一般動詞 → does + not + 原形 (play, 不是 plays)。
第 3 題：(B) didn't go
✅ 過去式 → didn’t + 原形 go。
第 4 題：double negative 錯誤
✅ 修正（兩種寫法）：
- I know nothing about it.（用 nothing 半否定詞，不加 don’t）
- I don’t know anything about it.（用 don’t + anything） 💎 不能 don’t + nothing！
第 5 題：He didn't go to school yesterday.
✅ 解析：yesterday → 過去式 → didn’t + 原形 go。
五、特殊疑問句
5-1 否定疑問句 — 「咦，你不是…嗎？」
用在「預期 yes」或「表達驚訝」的時候：
| 例句 | 言下之意 |
|---|---|
| Don’t you like coffee? | 我以為你喜歡（驚訝） |
| Isn’t she coming? | 她不來嗎？我以為她要來 |
| Haven’t you finished yet? | 你怎麼還沒做完？ |
💎 回答邏輯特殊：英文回答看「事實」，不看「問句的口氣」！ Q: Don’t you like coffee? A: Yes (I do, I like it). / No (I don’t, I don’t like it). 中文「不是」「是」會根據問句口氣調整，但英文永遠根據「事實」回答。
5-2 附加問句 (Tag Questions) — 「對吧？」
在句子後面加一個小尾巴：
- 前面肯定 → 後面否定
- 前面否定 → 後面肯定
| 前面句子 | 附加問句 |
|---|---|
| You like coffee, | don’t you? |
| You don’t like coffee, | do you? |
| She is a teacher, | isn’t she? |
| She isn’t a teacher, | is she? |
| They have arrived, | haven’t they? |
| They haven’t arrived, | have they? |
| He can swim, | can’t he? |
| He can’t swim, | can he? |
特殊附加問句
| 句子 | 附加問句 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| I am your friend, | aren’t I? | I am 沒有縮寫，特例用 aren’t |
| Let’s go, | shall we? | Let’s… 用 shall we |
| Open the door, | will you? | 命令句用 will you |
| Nobody came, | did they? | Nobody 已含否定 → 用肯定 did they |
🎯 特殊疑問句即時練習（5 題）
1. Add tag question: She likes chocolate, ______?
2. Add tag question: They didn’t come to the meeting, ______?
3. Choose: I am tall enough for this ride, ______? (A) am I (B) aren’t I (C) amn’t I (D) am not I
4. Choose the correct response to “Don’t you like pizza?” (假設你喜歡披薩): (A) No, I do. (B) Yes, I don’t. (C) Yes, I do. (D) No, I do.
5. Translate: 「你不會說日文，對吧？」(Use tag question)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：doesn't she
✅ She likes chocolate, doesn’t she? 前肯後否，she 三單 → doesn’t she。
第 2 題：did they
✅ They didn’t come to the meeting, did they? 前否後肯。
第 3 題：(B) aren't I
✅ I am tall enough, aren’t I? 解析：I am 沒有縮寫，附加問句特例用 aren’t I。 ❌ amn’t 不存在！
第 4 題：(C) Yes, I do.
✅ 你喜歡披薩 → 用 yes（不管問句是否定）+ I do（事實是 do）。 💎 英文回答只看「事實」：喜歡就 yes，不喜歡就 no——不要被中文「不是」「是」的邏輯干擾！
第 5 題：You can't speak Japanese, can you?
✅ 解析：前面否定 (can’t) → 後面肯定 (can you)。
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. ______ you finish the report yesterday? (A) Do (B) Does (C) Did (D) Are
2. ______ did you put my keys? (A) What (B) Where (C) When (D) Who
3. She doesn’t ______ meat. She’s a vegetarian. (A) eats (B) eating (C) eat (D) ate
4. You went to the concert last night, ______? (A) did you (B) didn’t you (C) don’t you (D) went you
5. ______ is your favorite movie, the action one or the comedy? (A) What (B) Which (C) Who (D) How
6. Tom ______ his homework yet. (A) doesn’t finish (B) didn’t finish (C) hasn’t finished (D) isn’t finished
7. ______ many people are coming to the wedding? (A) What (B) How (C) Which (D) Whose
8. ______ you mind if I open the window? (A) Do (B) Does (C) Did (D) Will
9. “Are you coming?” ”______, I am.” (A) Yes (B) No (C) Sure (D) Of course
10. She is a doctor, ______? (A) is she (B) isn’t she (C) doesn’t she (D) won’t she
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. ______ did the manager assign the new project to? (A) Who (B) Whom (C) Whose (D) Which
12. I’d rather stay home tonight, ______? (A) wouldn’t I (B) hadn’t I (C) shouldn’t I (D) didn’t I
13. ______ have you been waiting? (A) How long (B) How far (C) How much (D) How often
14. Choose: I don’t know ______ tomorrow. (A) what does he want (B) what he wants (C) does he want what (D) he wants what
15. Change to negative: He has finished his homework. (A) He doesn’t have finished (B) He hasn’t finished (C) He didn’t finish (D) He doesn’t has finished
16. Choose: Nobody ______, did they? (A) came (B) didn’t come (C) doesn’t come (D) is coming
17. Choose: ______ is the meeting? (A) When (B) Where (C) Both A and B (D) How long
18. Change to a Wh- question (asking about the underlined part): “She bought three apples.” → ______ apples did she buy?
19. Choose: Let’s eat at that new restaurant, ______? (A) shall we (B) will we (C) won’t we (D) don’t we
20. Choose: He is hardly ever late, ______? (A) is he (B) isn’t he (C) does he (D) doesn’t he
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. Translate three questions: (a) 「你最喜歡哪種顏色？」(Use What/Which) (b) 「你妹妹今年幾歲？」(Use How old) (c) 「她為什麼這麼難過？」(Use Why)
22. Find errors in: (a) “Does she likes ice cream?” (b) “I don’t know where is she.” (c) “He doesn’t never tell lies.”
23. Combine the questions into indirect speech: (a) “Where is the library?” → Could you tell me ______? (b) “Did she come?” → I want to know ______. (c) “How much is this book?” → I’d like to ask ______.
24. Make Yes/No questions from these statements: (a) The store opens at 9 AM. (b) She has been to Japan. (c) They will arrive tomorrow.
25. Complete the tag questions: (a) You can speak French, ______? (b) Tom has never been to Korea, ______? (c) Let’s go for a walk, ______? (d) I am taller than you, ______?
26. Change to negative: (a) She always tells the truth. (b) They have arrived. (c) He is a great teacher.
27. Identify the function of “What” in each sentence: (a) What time is it? (b) What he said is true. (c) Tell me what you want.
28. Translate: (a) 「你不是說過要來嗎？」(Use Didn’t you…?) (b) 「沒有人知道答案，對吧？」(Use Nobody…) (c) 「她剛才打電話給誰？」(Use Whom)
29. Find errors: (a) “She not is happy.” (b) “Where you went last night?” (c) “I don’t know what does she like.” (d) “Nobody don’t came to the party.”
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite this dialogue fixing all errors: “A: You are tired, isn’t you? B: Yes, I am. I didn’t slept well last night. A: Why you didn’t sleep? B: I don’t know. Maybe I drank too much coffee yesterday, didn’t you? A: Don’t you usually drink coffee at night? B: No, I do. But yesterday was special.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(C) Did
yesterday → 過去式 → Did。
第 2 題：(B) Where
找地點 → Where。
第 3 題：(C) eat
doesn’t 後接原形 eat。
第 4 題：(B) didn't you
前肯後否 → didn’t you。
第 5 題：(B) Which
有選項範圍 (the action one or the comedy) → Which。 💎 What 用於開放性詢問；Which 用於有限選項中選擇。
第 6 題：(C) hasn't finished
“yet” → 完成式信號 → hasn’t + V-pp。
第 7 題：(B) How
How many + 可數複數 = 多少。
第 8 題：(A) Do
Do you mind if…? = 「你介意嗎？」（固定句型）。
第 9 題：(A) Yes
答案是 I am → 用 Yes 對應。
第 10 題：(B) isn't she
前肯後否，she 用 isn’t she。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題：(B) Whom
assign to + 受詞 → 受格 Whom。
第 12 題：(A) wouldn't I
‘d = would → wouldn’t I。
第 13 題：(A) How long
「等了多久」→ How long。
第 14 題：(B) what he wants
間接問句不倒裝 → what he wants（不是 what does he want）。
第 15 題：(B) He hasn't finished
完成式 has + V-pp → 否定 has + not + V-pp。 ❌ doesn’t have finished 是錯的（has 是助動詞，不需要 do 哥）。
第 16 題：(A) came
Nobody 已含否定 → 附加問句用肯定 (did they)。
第 17 題：(C) Both A and B
「會議在何時？」用 When；「會議在哪裡？」用 Where——兩個都通。
第 18 題：How many
問可數數量 → How many apples did she buy?
第 19 題：(A) shall we
Let’s… 的附加問句固定用 shall we。
第 20 題：(A) is he
hardly 是半否定詞，所以前面視為「否定」→ 附加問句用「肯定」is he。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：翻譯
(a) What is your favorite color? （或 Which color do you like best?） (b) How old is your sister? (c) Why is she so sad?
第 22 題：找錯
(a) likes → like（doesn’t 後接原形） (b) where is she → where she is（間接問句不倒裝） (c) never → ever 或刪除 doesn’t（雙重否定）→ He doesn’t ever tell lies. 或 He never tells lies.
第 23 題：間接問句
(a) Could you tell me where the library is? (b) I want to know if/whether she came. (c) I’d like to ask how much this book is.
第 24 題：
(a) Does the store open at 9 AM? (b) Has she been to Japan? (c) Will they arrive tomorrow?
第 25 題：附加問句
(a) can’t you? (b) has he?（前否後肯） (c) shall we?（Let’s 的特例） (d) aren’t I?（I am 的特例）
第 26 題：否定句
(a) She doesn’t always tell the truth.（或 She never tells the truth.） (b) They haven’t arrived. (c) He isn’t a great teacher.
第 27 題：What 的功能
(a) 疑問詞（修飾 time，問時間） (b) 複合關代（What he said = the thing that he said，當主詞） (c) 複合關代（What you want = the thing that you want，當受詞）
第 28 題：
(a) Didn’t you say you would come? (b) Nobody knows the answer, do they? (c) Whom did she call just now? （口語：Who did she call?）
第 29 題：找錯
(a) ✗ “She not is” → She is not（not 在 be 動詞後） (b) ✗ “Where you went” → Where did you go（一般動詞要 did 幫忙） (c) ✗ “what does she like” → what she likes（間接問句不倒裝） (d) ✗ “Nobody don’t came” → Nobody came（雙重否定，且 nobody 是單數，不接 don’t）
第 30 題：完整修正
原對話： A: You are tired, isn’t you? B: Yes, I am. I didn’t slept well last night. A: Why you didn’t sleep? B: I don’t know. Maybe I drank too much coffee yesterday, didn’t you? A: Don’t you usually drink coffee at night? B: No, I do. But yesterday was special.
✅ 修正版： A: You are tired, aren’t you? (be 動詞 are 的附加問句) B: Yes, I am. I didn’t sleep well last night.（didn’t + 原形） A: Why didn’t you sleep?（疑問句倒裝） B: I don’t know. Maybe I drank too much coffee yesterday, didn’t I?（附加問句主詞應該配前面的 I） A: Don’t you usually drink coffee at night?（這句原本就對） B: No, I don’t.（事實是不喝→ no, I don’t）But yesterday was special.
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 疑問句否定句精通！進入 11 基本助動詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：助動詞後接原形、間接問句不倒裝、附加問句規則。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「Yes/No 問句三大句型」練到反射動作。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從基本：直述句 → 加 not → 變否定；助動詞前移 → 變問句。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 5 個直述句轉 Yes/No → 再轉 Wh- 問句 第 7 天 用 5 個 Wh- 字各造一個問句（題材：你的興趣） 第 14 天 找 1 段英文對話，標出所有問句並分類 考試前 重看「附加問句特例」+ 「間接問句不倒裝」
學習科學小知識：分散練習 (Spaced Practice)
疑問句和否定句不是「理解」就學會——是要靠反射動作。研究 (Cepeda et al., 2008) 顯示：每天 5–10 分鐘的短時間練習，比週末一次練 1 小時效果好 2–3 倍。
為什麼？大腦需要「忘記再想起」的循環來鞏固記憶。
- 今天做 5 題 → 明天做 5 題 → 後天做 5 題
- 一週後：這些公式會比你的母語還順！
應用到問句：每天口頭朗讀 3 個問句（包含 Yes/No、Wh-、附加問句），1 個月後你會驚訝自己的進步。
上一篇： 09 名詞片語 下一篇： 11 基本助動詞 相關主題： 01 be動詞與一般動詞 | 23 名詞子句