威威老師的文法特快車:假設語氣 (Subjunctive Mood)

課程導航


哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。

來,回答這個謎題:

“If I were you, I would study harder.” 為什麼用 were?I 是第一人稱啊?應該用 was!

如果你知道答案——恭喜,你已經摸到了假設語氣 (Subjunctive Mood) 的門檻。

英文世界裡,當你說的不是事實——而是「想像、願望、假設、建議」——文法會特別標記這件事。最有名的特殊標記就是「were 不分人稱」!

學測必考、分科考爆、GRE 高頻——假設語氣是進階英文的「第一道門檻」。

今天威威老師帶你拆解:

  • 4 種條件句(Type 0, 1, 2, 3)
  • 混合條件句
  • 倒裝假設句(GRE 愛考!)
  • wish / if only / as if / as though
  • suggest 後面 + (should) + 原形

繫好安全帶 🚂


課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 17 比較級與最高級

  1. This is the ____ book I’ve ever read.(interest / interesting / most interesting)
  2. My new phone is ____ to my old one.(better than / superior to / superior than)
  3. The harder you work, ____ your reward will be.(the bigger / the biggest)

一、什麼是「語氣 (Mood)」?

英文有三種語氣,對應說話者的態度

語氣英文表達例句
直述Indicative陳述事實The sun rises in the east.
祈使Imperative命令Close the door, please.
假設Subjunctive想像/假設/願望If I were you, I would go.

💡 威威白話:直述語氣說「真的」;假設語氣說「假的/想像的」。


二、條件句的 4 種類型

2-1 Type 0:真理條件句

用法: 表達永遠為真的事實。

結構If 子句主句
公式If + 現在式現在式
例句中文
If you heat ice, it melts.加熱冰,它就融化。
If people don’t eat, they get hungry.不吃就會餓。

💡 Type 0 不是「假設」,而是「科學事實/普遍真理」。

2-2 Type 1:真實可能條件句

用法: 未來很有可能發生。

結構If 子句主句
公式If + 現在式will / can / may + VR
例句中文
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.明天下雨我就留在家。
If you study hard, you can pass the exam.認真讀就能通過考試。

🚨 陷阱:If 子句中用現在式代替未來式! ❌ If it will rain → ✅ If it rains

2-3 Type 2:與現在事實相反

用法:現在事實相反的假設(純想像)。

結構If 子句主句
公式If + 過去式were 不分人稱would / could / might + VR
例句中文暗示
If I had money, I would buy a car.如果我有錢就會買車。
If I were you, I would study harder.如果我是你會更認真讀書。不是
If she knew the answer, she would tell us.如果她知道就會告訴我們。不知道

🚨 核心:be 動詞一律用 were!

  • If I were you ✓ / If I was you ✗(口語可,正式錯)
  • If he were here ✓

為什麼? 因為這不是事實——「假設語氣的特殊標記」就是用 were 區別於普通過去式 was。

2-4 Type 3:與過去事實相反

用法:過去事實相反的假設(馬後炮、後悔)。

結構If 子句主句
公式If + had + V-ppwould/could/might + have + V-pp
例句中文暗示
If I had studied harder, I would have passed.如果當初更努力就會通過。通過
If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train.如果她早出門就會趕上車。趕上

💎 威威記法:Type 3 = 「事後諸葛亮」,都是「早知道…就…」

2-5 條件句總整理表

類型If 子句主句意義
Type 0If + 現在式現在式普遍真理
Type 1If + 現在式will/can + VR未來很可能
Type 2If + 過去式(were)would/could + VR與現在事實相反
Type 3If + had + V-ppwould/could + have + V-pp與過去事實相反

🎯 威威判斷口訣:

  • 「每次都會」→ Type 0
  • 「很有可能」→ Type 1
  • 但現在不是」→ Type 2
  • 早知道就好」→ Type 3

🎯 條件句即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: If you ______ (heat) ice, it melts. (A) heat (B) heated (C) had heated (D) will heat

2. Choose: If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I will cancel the picnic. (A) rain (B) rains (C) rained (D) will rain

3. Choose: If I ______ you, I would accept the offer. (A) am (B) was (C) were (D) be

4. Choose: If she ______ harder last year, she would have passed. (A) studied (B) studies (C) had studied (D) has studied

5. Translate: 「如果我有時間,我會學鋼琴。」(Use Type 2)

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解答與詳解


三、混合條件句 (Mixed Conditionals) — GRE 必考!

當 If 子句的時間和主句的時間不同時 → 混合條件句。

3-1 類型 A:過去條件 + 現在結果

公式: If + had + V-pp(過去),主句 + would + VR(現在)

例句解析
If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.過去條件(沒讀醫)+ 現在結果(不是醫生)
If she had accepted the job, she would live in Tokyo now.過去條件 + 現在結果

3-2 類型 B:現在條件 + 過去結果

公式: If + 過去式(現在),主句 + would + have + V-pp(過去)

例句解析
If she were more careful, she wouldn’t have made that mistake.現在的個性 + 過去的結果
If he were richer, he would have bought that house last year.現在狀態 + 過去結果

💡 判斷關鍵:仔細看時間副詞!

  • now → 現在
  • yesterday / last year → 過去

🎯 混合條件句即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: If I ______ medicine, I would be a doctor now. (A) studied (B) had studied (C) study (D) would study

2. Choose: If she were more careful, she ______ that accident yesterday. (A) wouldn’t have (B) wouldn’t have had (C) wouldn’t (D) didn’t have

3. Translate: 「如果他更努力,他現在就不會失業。」(Use mixed conditional)

4. Find error: “If I had been you, I will go to the party.”

5. Translate: 「如果她當初接受這份工作,她現在就住在東京。」(過去條件 + 現在結果)

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解答與詳解


四、倒裝假設句 — GRE 高頻!

正式文體中,可以省略 If,改成倒裝

4-1 三種倒裝形式

原句倒裝句規則
If I had knownHad I knownhad 提前
If I were you…Were I you…were 提前
If he should comeShould he comeshould 提前

4-2 例句

倒裝句= If 句
Had I known the truth, I would have told you.If I had known…
Were I in your position, I would resign.If I were…
Should you need any help, please call.If you should need…

🚨 倒裝後不能再加 If! ❌ If Had I known… → ✅ Had I known…

4-3 特殊倒裝:Had it not been for / Were it not for

結構=用法
Had it not been for + NIf it hadn’t been for + N與過去事實相反
Were it not for + NIf it were not for + N與現在事實相反

例:

  • Had it not been for the scholarship, I could not have attended college.
  • Were it not for his support, I would give up.

🎯 倒裝假設句即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: ______ I known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner. (A) If (B) Had (C) Were (D) Should

2. Choose: ______ I you, I would not say that. (A) If (B) Were (C) Had (D) Should

3. Choose: ______ you have any problems, please call me. (A) Had (B) Were (C) Should (D) If

4. Convert: “If I had known the answer, I would have told you.” → 用倒裝改寫。

5. Translate: 「如果不是你的幫助,我早就放棄了。」(Use Had it not been for)

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解答與詳解


五、wish / if only — 願望句

5-1 wish 的三種時態

對象wish 後面例句意思
現在相反wish + 過去式I wish I were rich.希望現在富有(其實不)
過去相反wish + had + V-ppI wish I had studied.希望當初讀(其實沒)
未來的願望wish + would + VRI wish you would come.希望未來會來

5-2 if only — wish 的強調版

“if only” = wish 的加強版,「要是…就好了!

例句意思
If only I were rich!要是我有錢就好了!
If only I had studied harder!要是我當初更認真就好了!
If only the rain would stop!要是雨停就好了!

💎 if only 後面的時態規則跟 wish 完全一樣,只是語氣更強烈(嘆息感)。

🎯 wish / if only 即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: I wish I ______ taller.(現在希望) (A) am (B) was (C) were (D) had been

2. Choose: I wish I ______ to the party last night. (A) went (B) go (C) had gone (D) have gone

3. Choose: I wish you ______ stop talking during class. (A) will (B) would (C) can (D) may

4. Translate: 「真希望我有更多時間。」(Use wish + 現在相反)

5. Translate: 「要是我能再見她一次就好了!」(Use If only + 願望)

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解答與詳解


六、as if / as though — 「好像」

結構意思例句
as if + 過去式與現在事實相反He acts as if he knew everything.
as if + had + V-pp與過去事實相反She looks as if she had seen a ghost.

注意:可能為真時 → 用直述(不用假設)

例句解析
It looks as if it is going to rain.真的可能下雨 → is(直述)
He acts as if he were sick (but he isn’t).不是真的病 → were(假設)

🎯 as if / as though 即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: She acts as if she ______ everything. (A) knows (B) knew (C) had known (D) has known

2. Choose: He looks as if he ______ a ghost. (A) sees (B) saw (C) had seen (D) has seen

3. Choose: It looks as if it ______ rain (looking at the dark clouds). (A) is going to (B) would (C) had been going to (D) might have

4. Translate: 「他說話好像他是老闆一樣。」(Use as though + 假設)

5. Translate: 「她笑著,好像什麼事都沒發生過。」(Use as if + had + V-pp)

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解答與詳解


七、suggest / demand / insist + that + (should) + 原形

某些動詞和形容詞後的 that 子句,動詞要用原形(不管主詞)!

7-1 適用的動詞

動詞中文例句
suggest建議I suggest that he (should) study harder.
recommend推薦The doctor recommended that she (should) rest.
demand要求They demanded that he (should) resign.
require要求The law requires that everyone (should) wear a seatbelt.
insist堅持She insisted that he (should) apologize.
order命令The general ordered that the troops (should) retreat.
propose提議He proposed that the meeting (should) be postponed.
request請求We requested that they (should) arrive early.

7-2 適用的形容詞

形容詞中文例句
important重要的It is important that he (should) attend.
necessary必要的It is necessary that she (should) be informed.
essential必不可少的It is essential that every student (should) understand this.
vital至關重要的It is vital that the data (should) be accurate.
imperative迫切的It is imperative that we (should) act now.

7-3 美式 vs. 英式

風格形式例句
美式直接用原形I suggest that he study harder.
英式should + 原形I suggest that he should study harder.

🚨 絕對不能加 to!絕對不能加 s/es!絕對不能用過去式! ❌ I suggest that he studies / to study / studied ✅ I suggest that he (should) study

🎯 suggest 句型即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: The doctor recommended that the patient ______ more water. (A) drinks (B) drink (C) drank (D) to drink

2. Choose: It is essential that every student ______ the rules. (A) understands (B) understand (C) understood (D) to understand

3. Choose: He insisted that the report ______ rewritten. (A) is (B) be (C) was (D) to be

4. Translate: 「我建議你早點睡。」(Use suggest + that + (should) + 原形)

5. 改錯:The teacher suggested that every student studies hard.

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解答與詳解


八、It’s (high) time + 過去式

特殊句型:「是時候該做某事了」(暗示已經晚了)。

句型例句
It’s time + S + 過去式It’s time we went home.
It’s high time + S + 過去式It’s high time you grew up.
It’s about time + S + 過去式It’s about time she started working.

🚨 雖然是說「現在該做」,但動詞用過去式! 這是假設語氣的一種——暗示「你還沒做」。

🎯 It’s high time 即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: It’s high time we ______ this problem. (A) take (B) took (C) taking (D) taken

2. Translate: 「該回家了。」(Use It’s time we + 過去式)

3. Choose: It’s about time you ______ to drive. (A) learn (B) learned (C) learning (D) to learn

4. 改錯:It’s high time we leave.

5. Translate: 「政府早該對污染採取行動了。」(Use It’s high time the government…)

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解答與詳解


九、考試陷阱大整理

學測/分科/GRE 假設語氣 6 大陷阱

陷阱 1:If I were you(不分人稱)

陷阱 2:Type 2 vs. Type 3 判斷

  • 現在相反 → Type 2(If + 過去式 / would + VR)
  • 過去相反 → Type 3(If + had + V-pp / would have + V-pp)

陷阱 3:If 子句不能用 will / would

Type 1:If + 現在式(不是 will) Type 2:If + 過去式(不是 would)

陷阱 4:suggest + that + (should) + 原形

不加 s、不加 to、不用過去式!

陷阱 5:倒裝假設句不加 If

Had I known… ✓(不要再加 If)

陷阱 6:It’s high time + 過去式

雖然講現在,動詞用過去式!


章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題

🟢 基礎題 (1-10)

1. If I ______ you, I would accept the offer. (A) am (B) was (C) were (D) be

2. If she ______ harder last year, she would have passed. (A) studied (B) studies (C) had studied (D) has studied

3. I wish I ______ more time to prepare for the test. (A) have (B) had (C) will have (D) would have

4. Had I known you were coming, I ______ some food. (A) will prepare (B) would prepare (C) would have prepared (D) had prepared

5. The doctor recommended that the patient ______ more water. (A) drinks (B) drink (C) drank (D) to drink

6. If he ______ the truth, he would tell us. (A) knows (B) knew (C) had known (D) has known

7. It’s high time we ______ this problem seriously. (A) take (B) took (C) taking (D) taken

8. She acts as if she ______ everything. (A) knows (B) knew (C) had known (D) has known

9. If it ______ tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. (A) rains (B) rained (C) will rain (D) would rain

10. I wish I ______ to the concert last night. (A) went (B) go (C) had gone (D) have gone


🟡 進階題 (11-20)

11. ______ he arrive early, please let me know. (A) If (B) Should (C) Would (D) Had

12. If I had studied medicine, I ______ a doctor now. (A) will be (B) would be (C) would have been (D) am

13. He insisted that the report ______ rewritten. (A) is (B) be (C) was (D) to be

14. Not only ______ the exam, but he also got the highest score. (A) he passed (B) did he pass (C) he did pass (D) passed he

15. If she were more careful, she ______ that mistake yesterday. (A) wouldn’t make (B) wouldn’t have made (C) won’t make (D) didn’t make

16. The teacher suggested that every student ______ a dictionary. (A) buys (B) buy (C) bought (D) buying

17. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it ______. (A) boils (B) boiled (C) would boil (D) will boil

18. ______ I you, I would never say that. (A) If (B) Were (C) Had (D) Should

19. She looks as if she ______ a ghost. (A) sees (B) saw (C) had seen (D) has seen

20. If only I ______ the answer to this question! (A) know (B) knew (C) had known (D) would know


🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)

21. It is essential that every member ______ on time. (A) arrives (B) arrive (C) arrived (D) arriving

22. If I had known about the meeting, I ______ attend it. (A) will (B) would (C) would have (D) should

23. She wishes her husband ______ help her with the housework. (A) will (B) would (C) can (D) may

24. If I ______ taller, I could reach the top shelf. (A) am (B) was (C) were (D) be

25. If they had left earlier, they ______ stuck in traffic now. (A) wouldn’t be (B) wouldn’t have been (C) won’t be (D) aren’t

26. Translate three sentences: (a) 「如果我是你,我不會這樣做。」(Use Type 2) (b) 「如果我當初知道,我就會幫你。」(Use Type 3) (c) 「我希望我能再年輕一次。」(Use wish + 過去式)

27. Find errors: (a) “If I will have time, I will help you.” (b) “I wish I have more money.” (c) “She suggested that he buys a new car.” (d) “If I was you, I would apologize.”

28. Convert to inverted form: (a) “If I had known, I would have told you.” (b) “If I were you, I would resign.” (c) “If he should come, please tell me.”

29. Translate: (a) 「他堅持要報告被重寫。」(Use insist + that + be rewritten) (b) 「該起床了!」(Use It’s time + 過去式) (c) 「要是當初有買就好了!」(Use If only + had + V-pp)

30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “If I was rich, I will buy a big house. I wish I have more money. If I had studied harder, I will be in a top university now. The teacher suggested I studies more. If I will know the answer, I would tell you. It’s high time I start exercising more.”


章末總測驗 解答與詳解

🟢 基礎題 解答


🟡 進階題 解答


🔴 挑戰題 解答


課前快問 解答

詳見前面解答區。


自我評分

分數(30 題)等級建議
27-30🏆 威威等級假設語氣精通!進入 19 進階時式
22-26🥈 穩健等級重點複習:Type 2 vs. Type 3、suggest + 原形、混合條件。
16-21🥉 加油等級把「條件句總整理表」+「6 大陷阱」背熟。
0-15💪 再出發從 4 種條件句的時態組合開始。

複習計畫

時間內容
今天全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗
第 3 天默寫 4 種條件句公式 + If I were you
第 7 天寫 5 句「我希望…」(wish 三種時態各 1 句)
第 14 天找 1 段 GRE 閱讀,圈所有假設語氣
考試前重看「6 大陷阱」 + 倒裝假設

學習科學小知識:間隔重複 (Spaced Repetition)

假設語氣的時態變化多——光是條件句就有 4 種,加上 wish/if only/as if/suggest——共 10+ 種句型!

一次背完3 天後忘 70%。但用「間隔重複」(1 天 → 3 天 → 1 週 → 2 週 → 1 個月),記憶保持率提高 200%

應用:把「條件句總整理表」拍照存手機——通勤時看 5 分鐘、午休看 5 分鐘、睡前看 5 分鐘——一天分 3 次,比一次背 30 分鐘有效 3 倍


上一篇: 17 比較級與最高級 下一篇: 19 進階時式 相關主題: 20 助動詞詳解 | 21 倒裝句