威威老師的閱讀教室：學測克漏字攻略 (GSAT Cloze Test Strategy)
Section 1：克漏字題型分析 (Cloze Test Analysis)
1.1 什麼是克漏字？
克漏字 (Cloze Test) 是學測必考題型。一篇短文中有 4-6 個空格，每個空格有 4 個選項，你需要選出最適合的答案。
1.2 考點分布
| 考點類型 | 佔比 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 文法 (Grammar) | ~40% | 時態、語態、主詞動詞一致、關係代名詞 |
| 字彙 (Vocabulary) | ~30% | 字義辨析、近義字、字首字根 |
| 片語 (Phrases) | ~15% | 固定搭配、介系詞片語 |
| 語意/邏輯 (Logic) | ~15% | 上下文判斷、連接詞選擇 |
1.3 常見陷阱
- 似是而非的選項：看起來合理但不合語境
- 字義相近的字：preserve vs. conserve, affect vs. effect
- 時態陷阱：前後文時態不一致
- 片語搭配錯誤：make a decision (O) / do a decision (X)
Section 2：解題策略 (Solving Strategies)
2.1 四步解題法
Step 1：先讀全文（不要看到空格就猜！）
→ 掌握文章主旨和語境
→ 了解時態、語氣、主題
Step 2：判斷空格類型
→ 文法空格？（看前後文的時態、單複數）
→ 字彙空格？（看上下文意思）
→ 片語空格？（看固定搭配）
→ 語意空格？（看邏輯關係）
Step 3：看前後文線索
→ 前一句和後一句說什麼？
→ 這個空格應該是正面還是負面？
→ 應該是轉折還是延續？
Step 4：用刪去法
→ 先刪掉確定不對的選項
→ 在剩下的選項中比較
2.2 判斷空格類型的技巧
| 線索 | 空格類型可能是 |
|---|---|
| 空格前有介系詞 | 可能考片語或動名詞 |
| 空格前有 to | 可能考原形 V 或是名詞 |
| 空格在子句開頭 | 可能考連接詞或關係代名詞 |
| 選項是同一字的不同時態 | 考時態 |
| 選項是意思相近的字 | 考字彙辨析 |
| 選項是不同的連接詞 | 考邏輯關係 |
Section 3：常考文法點 (Key Grammar Points)
3.1 時態判斷
| 信號字 | 時態 |
|---|---|
| yesterday, last week, ago | 過去式 (Simple Past) |
| since 2020, for three years, already, yet | 現在完成式 (Present Perfect) |
| now, right now, at the moment | 現在進行式 (Present Continuous) |
| tomorrow, next week, will | 未來式 (Future) |
| by the time, before + 過去時間 | 過去完成式 (Past Perfect) |
3.2 主詞動詞一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)
- The list of items is long.（主詞是 list，不是 items）
- Each student has a book.（each + 單數動詞）
- Neither Tom nor his friends are coming.（就近原則）
3.3 關係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns)
| 先行詞 | 關係代名詞 |
|---|---|
| 人 | who / whom / that |
| 物/動物 | which / that |
| 人或物的所有格 | whose |
3.4 連接詞 (Conjunctions)
| 連接詞 | 邏輯關係 |
|---|---|
| because / since / as | 因果（因） |
| although / though / even though | 讓步（雖然） |
| however / nevertheless | 轉折 |
| moreover / furthermore / in addition | 遞增 |
| therefore / thus / consequently | 因果（果） |
| unless = if…not | 除非 |
3.5 V-ing vs. to V
| 用法 | V-ing | to V |
|---|---|---|
| 當主詞 | Swimming is fun. | To swim is fun. |
| enjoy / finish / avoid | enjoy swimming | X |
| want / decide / hope | X | want to swim |
| remember | remember doing（記得做過） | remember to do（記得要去做） |
| stop | stop doing（停止做） | stop to do（停下來去做） |
Section 4：五篇克漏字模擬題 (Five Cloze Test Practices)
克漏字第 1 篇：The Art of Listening
Listening is one of the most important communication skills, yet it is often the most (1) . Many people believe that they are good listeners, but in reality, they are simply waiting for their turn to speak. True listening requires full attention and a genuine (2) to understand the other person’s perspective.
Studies have shown that the average person remembers only about 25 to 50 percent of what they hear. This means that a significant amount of information is lost during everyday conversations. The problem is not that people cannot hear—it is that they do not (3) actively.
Active listening involves several key techniques. First, give the speaker your full attention by (4) eye contact and putting away distractions such as your phone. Second, show that you are listening by nodding or using verbal cues like “I see” or “Go on.” Finally, paraphrase what the speaker has said to (5) that you have understood correctly. For example, you might say, “So what you’re saying is…”
When we practice active listening, we not only understand others better but also build stronger relationships. In a world where everyone wants to be heard, being a good listener is a rare and (6) skill.
1. (A) overlook (B) overlooked (C) overlooking (D) overlooks 2. (A) effort (B) effect (C) affect (D) afford 3. (A) hear (B) listen (C) sound (D) speak 4. (A) making (B) doing (C) keeping (D) having 5. (A) confirm (B) conduct (C) confuse (D) connect 6. (A) value (B) valuing (C) values (D) valuable
威威解析
1. (B) overlooked
- 空格在 is 後面，需要被動語態或形容詞。it 指的是 listening skill，是被忽略的，所以用被動式 overlooked。
- (A) overlook 是主動，語意不合。（C）overlooking 是現在分詞。（D）overlooks 是第三 人稱單數。
2. (A) effort
- “a genuine effort to understand” = 真正努力去理解。effort (努力) 是名詞，前面有 a genuine 修飾。
- (B) effect (效果) 不合語意。（C）affect 是動詞。（D）afford (負擔得起) 不合。
3. (B) listen
- “they do not listen actively” = 他們沒有主動聆聽。listen actively 是固定搭配。
- (A) hear (聽到) 強調生理能力，但文章說問題不在聽力。（C）sound (聽起來) 不合。（D）speak 與文意相反。
4. (A) making
- “make eye contact” = 保持眼神接觸，是固定片語。前面有介系詞 by，後面接 V-ing。
- (B) do eye contact (X)。（C）keep eye contact 雖有使用但不如此處 by + making 的自然搭配。（D）have eye contact (X)。
5. (A) confirm
- “to confirm that you have understood correctly” = 確認你理解正確。
- (B) conduct (進行)。（C）confuse (使困惑)。（D）connect (連接)。均不合語意。
6. (D) valuable
- “a rare and valuable skill” = 一項稀有且有價值的技能。前面有 a rare and ___ skill，需要形容詞。
- (A) value 是名詞/動詞。（B）valuing 是現在分詞。（C）values 是複數名詞或動詞。只有 (D) valuable 是形容詞。
克漏字第 2 篇：The Power of Habit
Have you ever wondered why it is so difficult to break a bad habit? The answer lies in the way our brains (1) information. When we repeat an action many times, our brain creates a neural pathway that makes the behavior automatic. This process is known as “habit formation.”
Charles Duhigg, the author of “The Power of Habit,” explains that every habit consists of three parts: the cue, the routine, and the reward. The cue is the (2) that triggers the habit. For example, feeling stressed might be the cue that leads someone to eat junk food. The routine is the behavior itself—eating the junk food. The reward is the temporary (3) that the behavior brings.
Understanding this loop is the first step toward changing a habit. Duhigg suggests that instead of trying to (4) the habit entirely, we should replace the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. (5) , if stress causes you to eat junk food, you could replace eating with going for a walk. The cue (stress) and the reward (feeling better) remain the same, but the routine becomes healthier.
The key to success is consistency. Research shows that it takes an average of 66 days for a new behavior to (6) automatic. So be patient with yourself—change takes time, but it is definitely possible.
1. (A) process (B) access (C) require (D) behave 2. (A) result (B) signal (C) reason (D) reward 3. (A) pleasure (B) problem (C) pressure (D) process 4. (A) keep (B) form (C) eliminate (D) enjoy 5. (A) However (B) In addition (C) For example (D) As a result 6. (A) become (B) became (C) becomes (D) becoming
威威解析
1. (A) process
- “our brains process information” = 大腦處理資訊。process (處理) 是動詞。
- (B) access (存取) 不太搭配 information。（C）require (需要)。（D）behave (行為) 不合。
2. (B) signal
- “The cue is the signal that triggers the habit” = 提示是觸發習慣的信號。
- (A) result (結果)。（C）reason (原因)。（D）reward (獎勵) 已經是第三個要素。cue 是觸發的信號。
3. (A) pleasure
- “the temporary pleasure that the behavior brings” = 行為帶來的暫時快感。reward 應是正面的。
- (B) problem (問題) 是負面的。（C）pressure (壓力) 是負面的。（D）process (過程) 不合。
4. (C) eliminate
- “instead of trying to eliminate the habit entirely” = 而不是試圖完全消除習慣。後文說要「替換」而非「消除」。
- (A) keep (保持)。（B）form (形成)。（D）enjoy (享受)。都不合語境。
5. (C) For example
- 前面提出了一個方法（替換 routine），接著用 For example 來舉例說明。
- (A) However (然而) 表示轉折，但此處是舉例。（B）In addition 表示追加。（D）As a result 表示因果。
6. (A) become
- “for a new behavior to become automatic” = 新行為變成自動的。to + 原形動詞。
- (B) became 是過去式。（C）becomes 是第三人稱單數。（D）becoming 是 V-ing。to 後面接原形。
克漏字第 3 篇：Urban Farming
As the world’s population continues to grow, finding ways to feed everyone (1) an increasingly urgent challenge. By 2050, the global population is expected to reach nearly 10 billion, and traditional farming methods may not be (2) to produce enough food for everyone. This is where urban farming comes in.
Urban farming refers to the practice of growing food in or around cities. This can (3) many forms, from rooftop gardens and community plots to vertical farms that use hydroponic technology to grow plants without soil. One of the biggest advantages of urban farming is that it reduces the distance food needs to travel from farm to table, which means fresher produce and (4) carbon emissions from transportation.
In Taipei, several urban farming initiatives (5) in recent years. Schools have started rooftop gardens where students learn about agriculture while growing their own vegetables. Some restaurants even maintain small gardens on their premises to supply fresh herbs and vegetables directly to their kitchens.
(6) urban farming alone cannot solve the global food crisis, it represents an important step toward more sustainable and resilient food systems. By bringing food production closer to where people live, we can create healthier communities and a healthier planet.
1. (A) becomes (B) became (C) is becoming (D) has become 2. (A) able (B) capable (C) possible (D) available 3. (A) make (B) take (C) give (D) have 4. (A) higher (B) bigger (C) lower (D) farther 5. (A) launched (B) have launched (C) have been launched (D) were launching 6. (A) Although (B) Because (C) Therefore (D) Moreover
威威解析
1. (C) is becoming
- “finding ways to feed everyone is becoming an increasingly urgent challenge” = 正在成為越來越迫切的挑戰。現在進行式表達正在發生的趨勢。
- (A) becomes 是現在式，無法表達「正在變得」。（B）became 是過去式。（D）has become 也可以，但 “is becoming” 更能強調持續變化的趨勢。不過兩者皆合理，選最佳答案。
2. (A) able
- “may not be able to produce enough food” = 可能無法生產足夠的食物。be able to 是固定用法。
- (B) capable 後面接 of + V-ing，不是 to + V。（C）possible 用法是 it is possible to。（D）available (可得的) 不合語境。
3. (B) take
- “take many forms” = 採取多種形式，是固定用法。
- (A) make forms (X)。（C）give forms (X)。（D）have forms (X)。
4. (C) lower
- “lower carbon emissions” = 降低碳排放。前面提到減少運輸距離的好處，包括更新鮮的農產品和更低的碳排放。
- (A) higher (更高)。（B）bigger (更大)。（D）farther (更遠)。皆與文意相反。
5. (C) have been launched
- “several urban farming initiatives have been launched in recent years” = 近年來已經啟動了幾個都市農業計畫。in recent years 搭配現在完成式，且 initiatives 是被啟動的（被動）。
- (A) launched 是過去式。（B）have launched 是主動完成式。（D）were launching 是過去進行式。
6. (A) Although
- “Although urban farming alone cannot solve…it represents an important step” = 雖然…不能獨自解決…但代表重要的一步。讓步子句用 Although。
- (B) Because 表因果，語意不合。（C）Therefore 表結果，不能引導子句。（D）Moreover 表遞增。
克漏字第 4 篇：The Lost Art of Handwriting
In today’s digital age, most people type on keyboards or tap on screens rather than write by hand. While technology has made communication faster and more (1) , some researchers worry that the decline of handwriting may have negative effects on learning and memory.
Studies have consistently shown that taking notes by hand is (2) effective than typing for retaining information. When students write by hand, they cannot write as fast as someone types, so they are forced to (3) the information and summarize it in their own words. This additional cognitive effort leads to deeper processing and better long-term memory.
Handwriting also plays an important role in early childhood development. Learning to form letters by hand helps children develop fine motor skills and recognize letters more quickly. Brain imaging studies have shown that writing by hand (4) more areas of the brain than typing, including areas associated with learning and memory.
Despite these benefits, many schools are (5) less time to handwriting instruction. Some education systems have even removed cursive writing from their curricula entirely. This trend (6) concern among educators who believe that handwriting is a fundamental skill that should not be abandoned.
1. (A) convenient (B) difficult (C) expensive (D) dangerous 2. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) less 3. (A) copy (B) memorize (C) process (D) ignore 4. (A) activates (B) creates (C) damages (D) destroys 5. (A) devoting (B) leaving (C) wasting (D) saving 6. (A) has raised (B) has risen (C) has arisen (D) has increased
威威解析
1. (A) convenient
- “technology has made communication faster and more convenient” = 科技使溝通更快且更方便。這是正面的描述，與前面的 faster 平行。
- (B) difficult (困難的) 是負面的。（C）expensive (昂貴的) 不合。（D）dangerous (危險的) 不合。
2. (B) more
- “more effective than typing” = 比打字更有效。比較級 + than。
- (A) much 不能單獨加 effective 後接 than。（C）most 是最高級。（D）less 表示手寫比較無效，與文意相反。
3. (C) process
- “they are forced to process the information and summarize it” = 他們被迫處理資訊並總結。前後文在解釋為何手寫比打字有效。
- (A) copy (抄寫) 與「用自己的話總結」矛盾。（B）memorize (記憶) 不如 process 精確。（D）ignore (忽略) 與文意相反。
4. (A) activates
- “writing by hand activates more areas of the brain” = 手寫啟動更多大腦區域。
- (B) creates (創造) 不合——大腦區域本就存在。（C）damages (損害) 和 (D) destroys (破壞) 都是負面的。
5. (A) devoting
- “many schools are devoting less time to handwriting instruction” = 許多學校投入更少的時間在手寫教學上。devote…to…是固定搭配。
- (B) leaving 搭配 less time to 不自然。（C）wasting (浪費)。（D）saving (節省)。devoting 最符合語境。
6. (A) has raised
- “This trend has raised concern among educators” = 這個趨勢引起了教育工作者的擔憂。raise concern = 引起擔憂，是固定搭配。
- (B) has risen 是不及物動詞，不能直接接 concern。（C）has arisen 也是不及物。（D）has increased 雖可接 concern，但不如 raise concern 常見。
克漏字第 5 篇：Volunteer Tourism
Volunteer tourism, or “voluntourism,” has become (1) popular in recent years. Many young people choose to spend their vacations helping others in developing countries—building schools, teaching English, or working in orphanages. While the intention behind this trend is (2) , critics argue that voluntourism may sometimes do more harm than good.
One major concern is that short-term volunteer projects can create (3) on local communities. When volunteers arrive for just a few weeks, local workers may lose job opportunities. For example, a group of volunteers building a school might take work away from local construction workers who need the (4) . Additionally, volunteers often lack the skills needed for the tasks they are assigned, which can lead to poorly constructed buildings or ineffective teaching.
Another problem is the “orphanage tourism” phenomenon. In some countries, orphanages have been set up (5) to attract volunteers and their donations. Children in these facilities may not actually be orphans—they may have been separated from their families simply to generate income from well-meaning tourists.
This does not mean that all volunteer tourism is bad. When it is done (6) , with proper training, long-term commitment, and genuine respect for local communities, it can create positive change. The key is to do thorough research before signing up and to choose organizations that prioritize the needs of the local community over the experience of the volunteer.
1. (A) increase (B) increasingly (C) increased (D) increasing 2. (A) noble (B) negative (C) neutral (D) narrow 3. (A) benefit (B) progress (C) dependence (D) improvement 4. (A) experience (B) income (C) education (D) vacation 5. (A) eventually (B) fortunately (C) specifically (D) accidentally 6. (A) quickly (B) cheaply (C) responsibly (D) secretly
威威解析
1. (B) increasingly
- “has become increasingly popular” = 變得越來越受歡迎。需要副詞修飾形容詞 popular。
- (A) increase 是動詞/名詞。（C）increased 是形容詞/過去式。（D）increasing 是分詞。只有 (B) increasingly 是副詞，可修飾 popular。
2. (A) noble
- “the intention behind this trend is noble” = 這個趨勢背後的用意是崇高的。年輕人想去幫助別人，出發點是好的。
- (B) negative (負面的)。（C）neutral (中立的)。（D）narrow (狹窄的)。noble 最符合語境。
3. (C) dependence
- “can create dependence on local communities” = 可能在當地社區造成依賴。後文舉例說明志工搶了當地人的工作。
- (A) benefit (好處) 是正面的，但此處在說問題。（B）progress (進步) 是正面的。（D）improvement (改善) 是正面的。
4. (B) income
- “local construction workers who need the income” = 需要這份收入的當地建築工人。
- (A) experience (經驗) 志工可能需要經驗，但當地工人需要的是收入。（C）education (教育) 不合。（D）vacation (假期) 不合。
5. (C) specifically
- “orphanages have been set up specifically to attract volunteers” = 孤兒院是專門為了吸引志工而設立的。
- (A) eventually (最終)。（B）fortunately (幸運地)。（D）accidentally (偶然地)。specifically 最符合批評語境。
6. (C) responsibly
- “When it is done responsibly” = 當以負責任的方式進行時。與前面的批評形成對比。
- (A) quickly (快速地)。（B）cheaply (便宜地)。（D）secretly (秘密地)。都不合語境。
Section 5：克漏字解題總複習 Checklist
在進入下一篇 R08 學測閱讀-篇章結構攻略 之前，請確認你已經掌握：
- 我能做到「先讀全文再作答」，不看到空格就猜
- 我能判斷空格考的是文法、字彙、片語還是語意
- 我能利用前後文線索判斷答案
- 我能使用刪去法提高正確率
- 我熟悉常考的時態、主詞動詞一致、連接詞等文法點
恭喜！
你已經完成五篇克漏字模擬訓練！記住：克漏字的關鍵是「上下文」和「文法判斷」。多練習，多總結！
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