威威老師的時光機:未來式 (Future Tense)
課前小測驗:R07 複習
上一次我們學了過去簡單式,來看看你記得多少!
- 填入正確的過去式:She ______ (go) to Taipei last week.
- 改成否定句:He studied English last night. → ________________________
- 改成疑問句:You saw the movie yesterday. → ________________________
答案在這裡
- She went to Taipei last week.(go 的過去式是 went)
- He didn’t study English last night.(didn’t 後面用原形 study)
- Did you see the movie yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
很好!現在我們要從過去跳到未來了!
Section 1:說未來的事
我們已經學了:
- 現在簡單式:描述習慣和事實(I eat.)
- 過去簡單式:描述已經發生的事(I ate.)
現在要學第三個:
- 未來式:描述將要發生的事(I will eat.)
最簡單的未來式:will + 原形動詞
未來式其實很簡單,只要在主詞後面加上 will,然後動詞用原形就好!
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 我明天會去學校。 | I will go to school tomorrow. |
| 他下週會考試。 | He will take a test next week. |
| 我們會贏的! | We will win! |
will 就是「將會、會」的意思,它是一個助動詞 (Auxiliary Verb)。 它就像 did 一樣,後面的動詞要保持原形!
Section 2:will 的用法
肯定句:S + will + V (原形)
| 主詞 | 句子 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| I | I will call you later. | 我等一下會打給你。 |
| You | You will pass the test. | 你會通過考試的。 |
| He | He will come tomorrow. | 他明天會來。 |
| She | She will be a doctor. | 她會成為醫生。 |
| It | It will rain tomorrow. | 明天會下雨。 |
| We | We will win the game. | 我們會贏得比賽。 |
| They | They will arrive at 5. | 他們五點會到。 |
注意!will 後面不管主詞是誰,動詞都是原形。 He will comes ❌ / He will come ✅
否定句:S + will not (won’t) + V (原形)
| 肯定 | 否定 |
|---|---|
| I will go. | I will not go. / I won’t go. |
| He will come. | He will not come. / He won’t come. |
| She will be happy. | She will not be happy. / She won’t be happy. |
| They will win. | They will not win. / They won’t win. |
| It will rain. | It will not rain. / It won’t rain. |
won’t 是 will not 的縮寫,讀作 /woʊnt/。 在口語和日常寫作中,通常用 won’t 比較自然。
疑問句:Will + S + V (原形)?
| 疑問句 | 簡答 |
|---|---|
| Will you come tomorrow? | Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. |
| Will he pass the test? | Yes, he will. / No, he won’t. |
| Will it rain tonight? | Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. |
| Will they be late? | Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. |
| Will she call me? | Yes, she will. / No, she won’t. |
簡答用 will / won’t,不要用 do / does / did!
will 的縮寫
在口語和非正式寫作中,will 常常縮寫:
| 完整 | 縮寫 |
|---|---|
| I will | I’ll |
| You will | You’ll |
| He will | He’ll |
| She will | She’ll |
| It will | It’ll |
| We will | We’ll |
| They will | They’ll |
注意:否定縮寫是 won’t,不是 willn’t!
Section 3:be going to 的用法
除了 will,英文還有另一種說未來的方式:be going to。
公式:S + am/is/are going to + V (原形)
| 主詞 | be 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am going to study tonight. |
| You | are | You are going to love it. |
| He | is | He is going to play soccer. |
| She | is | She is going to cook dinner. |
| It | is | It is going to rain. |
| We | are | We are going to travel. |
| They | are | They are going to move. |
否定:S + am/is/are not going to + V
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I am not going to go. | 我不打算去。 |
| He is not going to come. | 他不打算來。 |
| They are not going to watch TV. | 他們不打算看電視。 |
疑問:Am/Is/Are + S + going to + V?
| 例句 | 簡答 |
|---|---|
| Are you going to study? | Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. |
| Is he going to come? | Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. |
| Are they going to play? | Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. |
will vs. be going to 比較
這是考試最愛考的對比!
| will | be going to | |
|---|---|---|
| 何時用 | 臨時決定、預測 | 已有計畫、有跡象 |
| 例子:臨時決定 | (電話響了)I will answer it! | |
| 例子:已有計畫 | I am going to visit my grandma this weekend.(已經計畫好了) | |
| 例子:預測(無根據) | I think it will rain.(我覺得啦) | |
| 例子:有跡象 | Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.(看起來真的要下了) | |
| 口語頻率 | 書面、正式 | 口語、日常 |
簡單判斷法
- 如果是「剛剛才決定的」→ 用 will
- 如果是「已經計畫好的」→ 用 be going to
- 如果不確定用哪個 → 用 will 通常是安全的選擇
口語縮寫
| 完整 | 縮寫 |
|---|---|
| I am going to | I’m gonna |
| He is going to | He’s gonna |
| They are going to | They’re gonna |
gonna 是 going to 的口語唸法,在歌詞和對話中很常聽到。 但考試請寫 going to,不要寫 gonna!
Section 4:信號字
看到這些字,就想到未來式!
| 信號字 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| tomorrow | 明天 | I will study tomorrow. |
| next week | 下週 | She is going to travel next week. |
| next month | 下個月 | We will have a test next month. |
| next year | 明年 | He will graduate next year. |
| tonight | 今晚 | I am going to watch TV tonight. |
| soon | 很快 | They will come soon. |
| later | 稍後 | I will call you later. |
| in the future | 未來 | We will have flying cars in the future. |
三種時態的信號字對比
| 現在簡單式 | 過去簡單式 | 未來式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 信號字 | every day, always | yesterday, last ___ | tomorrow, next ___ |
| usually, often | ___ ago | soon, later, tonight |
Section 5:三種時態大對比
學了三種時態,來做一個超級大比較!
句型對比表
| 現在簡單式 | 過去簡單式 | 未來式 (will) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 肯定 (I) | I eat. | I ate. | I will eat. |
| 肯定 (He) | He eats. | He ate. | He will eat. |
| 否定 (I) | I don’t eat. | I didn’t eat. | I won’t eat. |
| 否定 (He) | He doesn’t eat. | He didn’t eat. | He won’t eat. |
| 疑問 | Do you eat? | Did you eat? | Will you eat? |
| 簡答 Yes | Yes, I do. | Yes, I did. | Yes, I will. |
| 簡答 No | No, I don’t. | No, I didn’t. | No, I won’t. |
注意看否定和疑問的助動詞:
- 現在式 → do / does
- 過去式 → did
- 未來式 → will
三種助動詞後面都是原形動詞!
比較例句:同一句話,三種時間
| 中文 | 現在簡單式 | 過去簡單式 | 未來式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 我去學校。 | I go to school every day. | I went to school yesterday. | I will go to school tomorrow. |
| 她吃午餐。 | She eats lunch at noon. | She ate lunch at noon. | She will eat lunch at noon. |
| 他們打球。 | They play ball on weekends. | They played ball last week. | They will play ball next week. |
| 我們很快樂。 | We are happy. | We were happy. | We will be happy. |
超重要:助動詞 + 原形
| 助動詞 | 時態 | 後面接什麼 |
|---|---|---|
| do / does | 現在否定/疑問 | 原形 V |
| did | 過去否定/疑問 | 原形 V |
| will | 未來 | 原形 V |
| am/is/are going to | 未來 | 原形 V |
核心規則
不管哪種助動詞,後面永遠接原形動詞! 這是英文的一大規律,記住這一條就搞定很多題目。
綜合練習:25 題
Part A:選擇正確的未來式形式(6 題)
選出正確的答案。
1. I ______ to the store later. (A) will go (B) will goes (C) am go (D) going to
2. She ______ study abroad next year. (A) will (B) is (C) does (D) has
3. They ______ going to watch the movie tonight. (A) is (B) am (C) are (D) will
4. He ______ come to the party. (A) don’t (B) won’t (C) isn’t (D) doesn’t
5. Look! It’s getting dark. It ______ rain. (A) will (B) is going to (C) was going to (D) does
6. — The phone is ringing! — I ______ answer it! (A) am going to (B) will (C) was (D) do
Part B:改成否定未來句(4 題)
例題:He will come tomorrow. → He won’t come tomorrow.
7. She will pass the test. → ________________________
8. They are going to play soccer. → ________________________
9. I will be late. → ________________________
10. He is going to buy a car. → ________________________
Part C:改成未來式疑問句(4 題)
例題:You will go. → Will you go?
11. She will call you later. → ________________________
12. They are going to travel next summer. → ________________________
13. He will come to the party. → ________________________
14. You are going to study tonight. → ________________________
Part D:選擇正確的時態(6 題)
根據上下文選擇現在簡單式、過去簡單式或未來式。
15. I ______ breakfast at 7 every morning. (eat) (A) eat (B) ate (C) will eat (D) eating
16. She ______ to Taipei last weekend. (go) (A) goes (B) went (C) will go (D) go
17. We ______ a test tomorrow. (have) (A) have (B) had (C) will have (D) has
18. He always ______ his mom on Sundays. (call) (A) call (B) called (C) will call (D) calls
19. They ______ a movie last night. (see) (A) see (B) saw (C) will see (D) sees
20. I think it ______ tomorrow. (rain) (A) rains (B) rained (C) will rain (D) rain
Part E:中翻英(5 題)
把中文翻成英文,注意要用什麼時態。
21. 我明天會去學校。
22. 他下週要去台北。(已有計畫)
23. 我們不會遲到的。
24. 你今晚要讀書嗎?
25. 她昨天沒有來學校。(注意時態!)
威威解析:詳細解答
Part A 解析
1. (A) will go
- 後面的 later 表示「稍後」,是未來式的信號字。
- will 後面接原形 go。
- (B) will goes 錯,因為 will 後面不加 s。
- (D) 缺少 be 動詞,應該是 am going to。
2. (A) will
- next year 表示未來,用 will + 原形 study。
- will study = 將會讀書。
3. (C) are
- 主詞是 They(複數),be 動詞用 are。
- They are going to… = 他們打算…
4. (B) won’t
- 否定的未來式用 will not (won’t) + 原形。
- won’t come = 不會來。
- (A) don’t 是現在式的否定。
- (C) isn’t 需要接 going to 或 V-ing。
5. (B) is going to
- 關鍵字 “Look! It’s getting dark.” ——有明顯跡象,用 be going to。
- 有跡象要發生的事 → be going to。
- 如果只是覺得會下雨(沒有根據)→ 用 will。
6. (B) will
- 關鍵:“電話正在響!” 這是臨時決定要去接。
- 臨時決定 → 用 will。
- 如果是已經計畫好的,才用 am going to。
Part B 解析
7. She will pass the test. → She won’t pass the test.
- will 的否定 = will not = won’t。
- won’t 後面用原形 pass。
8. They are going to play soccer. → They are not going to play soccer.
- be going to 的否定 = are not going to。
- 也可以寫:They aren’t going to play soccer.
9. I will be late. → I won’t be late.
- will not be = won’t be。
- 注意 be 是原形,不要寫 am!
10. He is going to buy a car. → He is not going to buy a car.
- 也可以寫:He isn’t going to buy a car.
Part C 解析
11. She will call you later. → Will she call you later? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.
- Will 提到最前面,動詞 call 保持原形。
12. They are going to travel next summer. → Are they going to travel next summer? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
- be going to 的疑問:把 be 動詞 (are) 提到最前面。
13. He will come to the party. → Will he come to the party? Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.
- Will 提到最前面,come 保持原形。
14. You are going to study tonight. → Are you going to study tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
- be going to 的疑問:把 Are 提到最前面。
- 簡答用 I am / I’m not(不是 I will)。
Part D 解析
15. (A) eat
- 信號字:every morning → 習慣 → 現在簡單式。
- 主詞 I → 原形 eat。
16. (B) went
- 信號字:last weekend → 過去。
- go 的過去式是 went(不規則)。
17. (C) will have
- 信號字:tomorrow → 未來。
- will + 原形 have。
18. (D) calls
- 信號字:always, on Sundays → 習慣 → 現在簡單式。
- 主詞 He(三單)→ call 加 s → calls。
19. (B) saw
- 信號字:last night → 過去。
- see 的過去式是 saw(不規則)。
20. (C) will rain
- 信號字:tomorrow → 未來。
- “I think…” 表示預測,用 will。
- will + 原形 rain。
Part E 解析
21. 我明天會去學校。 → I will go to school tomorrow.
- 「明天」= tomorrow → 未來式。
- will + 原形 go。
- 也可以寫:I am going to go to school tomorrow.
22. 他下週要去台北。(已有計畫) → He is going to go to Taipei next week.
- 「已有計畫」→ 用 be going to。
- 主詞 He → is going to。
- 也可以說:He is going to Taipei next week.(用 go 的進行式表未來)
23. 我們不會遲到的。 → We won’t be late.
- 「不會」= won’t。
- 「遲到」= be late。
- won’t be late。
24. 你今晚要讀書嗎? → Are you going to study tonight?
- 「今晚」= tonight → 未來。
- 用疑問句:Are you going to…?
- 也可以寫:Will you study tonight?
25. 她昨天沒有來學校。(注意時態!) → She didn’t come to school yesterday.
- 「昨天」= yesterday → 過去式,不是未來式!
- 否定用 didn’t + 原形 come。
- 不要寫 She won’t come!那是指未來。
學習科學小技巧
費曼學習法 (Feynman Technique)
如果你能把一個概念解釋給別人聽,而且對方聽得懂,那你就真的學會了!
試試看:
- 找一個朋友或家人(不會英文也行)
- 用中文解釋 will 和 be going to 的差別
- 給他們各舉兩個例子
- 如果你解釋到一半卡住了,那就是你還不夠熟的地方
複習時間 動作 今天 寫完所有練習,特別注意 Part D 的時態判斷 明天 自己造 5 個未來式的句子(3 個 will,2 個 be going to) 3 天後 重寫 Part E 的錯題 1 週後 拿一張紙,默寫三種時態的肯定/否定/疑問公式 學 R09 時 確認自己能快速判斷「現在/過去/未來」
課程導航
上一課: R07 基礎時態-過去簡單式 下一課: R09 基礎時態-現在進行式