GRE-Vocabulary

威威老師的 GRE 高頻單字系統性整理 📔🌍

課程導航

回到： GRE 總覽 | 跨技能： Verbal 攻略 | AWA 寫作

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哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。

來，回答這個經典問題：

「老師，GRE 到底要背多少單字才夠？」

答案：

與其背 3,000 個零散單字，不如有系統地掌握 1,500 個高頻單字——並且理解它們之間的關係。

🚨 威威鐵律：GRE 單字不是「背中文」遊戲！

• GRE 不考翻譯——不需要英翻中
• GRE 考的是「方向」和「程度」——正面 vs 負面、輕度 vs 重度
• GRE 單字長得像但意思不同（ingenious vs. ingenuous）——死背反而搞混

今天威威老師帶你拆解：

• 🎯 6 大記憶策略——主題分組、字根字首、情境造句、正負分類、間隔重複、閱讀學習
• 🔥 15 大主題分組——讚美/批評/緩和/緊急/…
• 📚 20 個高頻字根——掌握 200+ 字
• ⚡ 同義詞群組大全——GRE SE 神器

繫好安全帶 🚂

這份講義把單字按主題分組，讓你用「聯想法」和「情境法」記憶——而不是死背 A-Z 單字書！

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一、GRE 單字記憶法總論

1.1 為什麼不能用傳統方法背 GRE 單字？

傳統的背單字方式（看英文→背中文意思）對 GRE 完全行不通，原因有三：

1. GRE 不考翻譯：你不需要把英文翻成中文，而是需要在學術語境中理解詞的 nuance（細微差異）。
2. GRE 考的是詞的「方向」和「程度」：TC 和 SE 需要你判斷空格處是正面還是負面、是輕度還是重度。
3. 容易混淆：很多 GRE 單字長得很像但意思完全不同（ingenious vs. ingenuous）——死背中文解釋反而讓你搞混。

1.2 威威老師推薦的 6 大記憶策略

策略	說明	例子
主題分組法	把同義、近義、反義詞放一起學	讚美詞群：laud, extol, acclaim, commend…
字根字首法	用拉丁／希臘字根拆解單字	loqu-（說話）→ loquacious, eloquent, colloquial…
情境造句法	每個字造一個跟自己生活有關的句子	不要用字典例句，用自己的情境
正負向分類法	先判斷詞的「方向」（+/-），再記細節	看到 - 開頭的形容詞先判斷好壞
間隔重複法	用 Anki / Quizlet 排程複習	每天 10 分鐘 review，比一次背兩小時有效
閱讀中學習	在 The Economist 等文章中遇到背過的單字	這會讓你真正「擁有」這個單字

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二、GRE 高頻單字主題分類（30 組，共約 200 字）

Group 1：讚美／表揚（Praise / Approval）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
acclaim	讚譽／喝采	to praise enthusiastically	The novel was widely acclaimed by literary critics.
laud	讚美	to praise highly	The professor lauded her student’s groundbreaking research.
extol	頌揚	to praise extravagantly	The CEO extolled the virtues of the company’s new diversity initiative.
commend	推薦／讚揚	to praise formally or officially	The committee commended her for decades of public service.
eulogize	頌揚（輓辭）	to speak or write in high praise of, esp. for the dead	Friends gathered to eulogize the beloved community leader.
exalt	頌揚／提升	to praise or glorify; to raise in rank	The speech exalted the sacrifices of frontline workers.
hail	歡呼／致敬	to greet with enthusiastic approval	Critics hailed the film as a masterpiece of modern cinema.
tout	吹捧／宣傳	to promote or praise energetically	The startup touted its AI as revolutionary, though results were modest.

威威老師小提醒

這組詞都是「讚美系」，但程度不同：commend（正式推薦）< acclaim（公認好評）< extol（熱情讚揚）< eulogize（最高級讚美，通常用於追悼）。GRE 的解題關鍵往往是程度判斷！

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Group 2：批評／譴責（Criticism / Condemnation）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
denounce	譴責	to condemn publicly	The UN denounced the regime’s human rights violations.
censure	嚴厲批評	to express formal disapproval	The senator was censured for ethical misconduct.
reproach	責備	to express disappointment or disapproval	She reproached herself for not recognizing the warning signs.
upbraid	嚴厲責罵	to criticize or scold severely	The editor upbraided the journalist for fabricating sources.
berate	痛斥	to scold angrily and at length	The coach berated the team after their lackluster performance.
castigate	嚴懲／苛評	to criticize or punish severely	The review castigated the author for shoddy research.
excoriate	嚴厲批評	to criticize very harshly	Columnists excoriated the government’s handling of the crisis.
lambaste	猛烈抨擊	to attack verbally; to beat severely	The professor lambasted the study’s methodology as fundamentally flawed.

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Group 3：固執／不妥協（Stubbornness / Inflexibility）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
obstinate	固執的	stubbornly refusing to change	The patient remained obstinate despite the doctor’s warnings.
obdurate	執拗的	stubbornly persistent in refusing	The obdurate defendant showed no remorse.
intransigent	不妥協的	refusing to compromise	The union’s intransigent stance prolonged the strike.
recalcitrant	桀驁不馴的	stubbornly uncooperative toward authority	The recalcitrant student refused to follow any classroom rules.
refractory	難駕馭的	stubbornly resistant to control	The disease proved refractory to conventional treatments.
pertinacious	堅持不懈的	adhering resolutely to a purpose	Her pertinacious pursuit of justice inspired a generation of lawyers.
intractable	棘手的／難處理的	hard to control or deal with	The conflict seemed intractable after decades of failed negotiations.

常見錯誤

obstinate、obdurate 是純負面（頑固不化），但 pertinacious、tenacious 可以是正面（堅持不懈）。GRE 最喜歡在同一個語境中考你正面版和負面版的區別！

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Group 4：慷慨／大方（Generosity）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
munificent	極慷慨的	very generous in giving	The munificent donation established a new scholarship fund.
largesse	慷慨贈予	generosity in bestowing gifts	The foundation’s largesse supported dozens of arts organizations.
magnanimous	寬宏大量的	very generous or forgiving, esp. toward a rival	She was magnanimous in victory, praising her opponent’s campaign.
benevolent	仁慈的	well-meaning and generous	The benevolent dictator’s reforms improved literacy rates.
philanthropic	慈善的	seeking to promote the welfare of others	Her philanthropic efforts focused on clean water access.
altruistic	利他的	showing selfless concern for others	The altruistic act saved lives at great personal risk.
liberal (adj.)	慷慨的	giving freely in large amounts	He poured a liberal amount of funding into the failing project.

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Group 5：吝嗇／小氣（Stinginess）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
parsimonious	極節省的	very unwilling to spend money	The parsimonious administration cut library funding annually.
penurious	貧困的／吝嗇的	extremely poor; or miserly	The penurious landlord refused to repair the heating system.
miserly	守財奴般的	hating to spend money	Her miserly habits left her rich but friendless.
stingy	小氣的	unwilling to give or spend	Don’t be stingy with the butter—it’s a celebration!
frugal	節儉的（中性／正面）	sparing with regard to money or resources	Her frugal lifestyle allowed her to retire at 45.
niggardly	吝嗇的	grudgingly mean about spending	The niggardly tip reflected the customer’s displeasure.

威威老師小提醒

parsimonious 和 frugal 的區別是 GRE 經典考點：parsimonious = excessive frugality（過度節儉→吝嗇），frugal = wise economy（明智節儉）。前者負面，後者正面！

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Group 6：有害的／危險的（Harmfulness / Danger）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
pernicious	極有害的	having a harmful effect in a gradual or subtle way	The pernicious ideology spread through online forums undetected.
deleterious	有害的	causing harm or damage	The drug’s deleterious side effects outweighed its benefits.
detrimental	有害的	tending to cause harm	Constant interruptions are detrimental to deep work.
inimical	有害的／敵對的	tending to obstruct or harm	The policy was inimical to small business growth.
noxious	有毒的	harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant	The factory emitted noxious fumes into the surrounding neighborhood.
baneful	致命的／有害的	causing harm or ruin	The baneful influence of corruption eroded public trust.
malign	惡性的／有害的	evil in nature or effect	The tumor was found to be malign and required immediate surgery.
virulent	劇毒的／惡毒的	extremely severe or harmful; bitterly hostile	The virulent strain of the virus spread more rapidly than expected.

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Group 7：簡短／簡潔（Brevity / Conciseness）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
laconic	簡短的（用字省）	using very few words	His laconic reply—a single word—spoke volumes.
succinct	簡潔的	briefly and clearly expressed	Please provide a succinct summary of your research findings.
terse	簡短的（可能不禮貌）	sparing in words; abrupt	The CEO’s terse email suggested he was not pleased.
pithy	精闢簡練的	concise and forcefully expressive	Her pithy observations cut through the academic jargon.
concise	簡明扼要的	giving much information in few words	A concise writing style is essential for business communication.
sententious	說教式簡潔的	given to moralizing in a self-righteous manner	Editorials became increasingly sententious during election season.
curt	唐突簡短的	rudely brief	The receptionist’s curt response suggested I should leave.

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Group 8：冗長／囉嗦（Wordiness / Long-windedness）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
loquacious	多話的	tending to talk a great deal	The normally loquacious politician fell silent when questioned.
garrulous	絮叨的	excessively talkative, esp. on trivial matters	The garrulous passenger talked nonstop through the entire flight.
verbose	冗長的	using more words than needed	Her verbose essay could have been half the length.
prolix	冗長囉嗦的	tediously lengthy	The prolix legal document put the jury to sleep.
voluble	口若懸河的	speaking fluently and readily	The witness was surprisingly voluble once the trial began.
glib	油嘴滑舌的	fluent but insincere and shallow	His glib answers evaded every substantive question.

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Group 9：安靜／沉默（Quietness / Silence）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
taciturn	沉默寡言的	reserved or uncommunicative in speech	The taciturn bodyguard rarely spoke more than three words.
reticent	緘默的	not revealing thoughts readily	She was reticent about her plans for the new venture.
laconic	簡短的	using very few words (see Group 7)	His replies were characteristically laconic.
mum	沉默的	silent; not speaking	He kept mum about the surprise party.
mute	沉默的	refraining from speech	She remained mute throughout the interrogation.

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Group 10：友善／和藹（Friendliness / Amiability）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
affable	和藹可親的	friendly, good-natured, easy to talk to	The affable host made every guest feel welcome.
amiable	友善的	having a friendly and pleasant manner	An amiable disagreement is a sign of a healthy team.
congenial	意氣相投的	pleasant because of similar personality/taste	She found the academic environment highly congenial.
genial	親切溫和的	friendly and cheerful	His genial demeanor put even nervous clients at ease.
cordial	誠摯友善的	warm and friendly	The meeting was cordial despite their deep policy differences.
gregarious	愛社交的	fond of company; sociable	As a gregarious person, remote work was a struggle for him.
convivial	歡樂友好的	friendly, lively, and enjoyable	The convivial atmosphere of the pub drew a loyal crowd.

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Group 11：敵意／惡意（Hostility / Malevolence）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
antagonistic	敵對的	showing active opposition	The two departments maintained an antagonistic relationship.
bellicose	好戰的	demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight	The leader’s bellicose rhetoric alarmed neighboring countries.
belligerent	挑釁好鬥的	hostile and aggressive	The belligerent customer was asked to leave the store.
pugnacious	好鬥的	eager to argue or fight	The pugnacious debater relished every confrontation.
truculent	兇猛好鬥的	aggressively self-assertive	His truculent tone alienated potential allies.
malevolent	有惡意的	having evil intent	The malevolent hacker destroyed years of research data.
acrimonious	尖酸刻薄的	angry and bitter in tone	The divorce proceedings grew increasingly acrimonious.
rancorous	充滿仇恨的	characterized by bitterness	The rancorous feud between the brothers lasted decades.

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Group 12：誠實／正直（Honesty / Integrity）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
candid	坦率的	truthful and straightforward	Her candid assessment of the project’s flaws was appreciated.
forthright	直率的	direct and outspoken	He gave a forthright answer, unafraid of the consequences.
veracious	真實的	truthful; conforming to facts	The veracious account contradicted the official narrative.
ingenuous	天真的／坦率的	innocent and unsuspecting; candid	Her ingenuous question revealed she had no idea of the scandal.
guileless	不狡詐的	devoid of cunning or deceit	The child’s guileless smile melted the grumpiest hearts.
scrupulous	一絲不苟的	very careful, thorough, and principled	She was scrupulous in citing all her sources.

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Group 13：欺騙／狡詐（Deception / Cunning）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
duplicitous	兩面派的	deceptive in behavior; double-dealing	The duplicitous advisor was secretly negotiating with rivals.
perfidious	背信棄義的	deceitful and untrustworthy	The perfidious ally abandoned the treaty at the crucial moment.
mendacious	虛假的／說謊的	not telling the truth; lying	The report was filled with mendacious statistics.
disingenuous	不真誠的	not candid or sincere	His apology seemed disingenuous—more about PR than remorse.
specious	似是而非的	misleading in appearance; superficially plausible	The specious argument collapsed under scrutiny.
fallacious	謬誤的	based on mistaken belief	The fallacious reasoning was exposed during peer review.
insidious	陰險潛伏的	proceeding harmfully but subtly	The insidious disease progressed undetected for years.

常見錯誤

ingenuous（天真的、坦率的）和 ingenious（聰明的、巧妙的）只差一個字母，意思天差地遠！GRE 最愛考這種形近異義詞（詳見第三節：易混淆詞對）。口訣：ingenuous = innocent（天真的）；ingenious = genius（天才的）。

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Group 14：簡單／樸素（Simplicity / Plainness）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
austere	簡樸的	severe or strict in manner; without luxury	The monk’s cell was austere, with only a bed and a desk.
ascetic	禁慾苦行的	practicing self-denial as spiritual discipline	The ascetic philosopher rejected all material comforts.
spartan	斯巴達式的簡樸	marked by simplicity and lack of comfort	The spartan office had no decorations, just functional furniture.
unadorned	樸實無華的	not decorated; plain	The unadorned prose conveyed more power than ornate language.
stark	光禿禿的	severe in appearance; bare	The stark landscape stretched for miles without vegetation.
frugal	簡省的	simple and economical	Their frugal wedding reflected their values, not their means.

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Group 15：複雜／難以理解（Complexity / Incomprehensibility）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
convoluted	錯綜複雜的	extremely complex and difficult to follow	The convoluted plot required a diagram to understand.
labyrinthine	迷宮似的	like a labyrinth; irregular and twisting	The labyrinthine bureaucracy frustrated even veteran employees.
byzantine	極複雜的	excessively complicated and devious	The byzantine tax code baffles even professional accountants.
recondite	深奧難懂的	little known; abstruse	He specialized in recondite areas of medieval philosophy.
abstruse	難解的	difficult to understand; obscure	The lecture descended into abstruse mathematical formalism.
arcane	神秘的／晦澀的	understood by few; mysterious	The society’s arcane rituals were never revealed to outsiders.
esoteric	只有內行懂的	intended for a small group with specialized knowledge	The conference featured esoteric topics in quantum information.

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Group 16：短暫的（Transience / Temporary Nature）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
ephemeral	短暫的	lasting for a very short time	Social media fame is notoriously ephemeral.
transient	暫時的	lasting only for a short time; impermanent	The city has a large transient population of seasonal workers.
evanescent	迅速消散的	soon passing out of sight; vanishing quickly	The morning mist was evanescent, gone by 9 a.m.
fugacious	轉瞬即逝的	tending to disappear; fleeting	The butterfly’s existence seemed fugacious—just a single day.
fleeting	飛逝的	lasting for a very short time	She caught a fleeting glimpse of the comet before clouds obscured it.
momentary	瞬間的	lasting for a very short time; brief	The momentary lapse in concentration cost him the match.
perishable	易腐壞的	likely to decay or spoil	Ideas, unlike fruit, are not perishable—they can outlast centuries.

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Group 17：永恆的／不朽的（Permanence / Immortality）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
perennial	持久的／多年生的	lasting for a long or infinite time	The perennial debate over education reform resurfaced again.
perpetual	永久的	never ending or changing	The region seemed locked in perpetual conflict.
immutable	不可改變的	unchanging over time	Physics searches for immutable natural laws.
enduring	持久的	lasting over a long period	Their enduring friendship survived decades and continents.
imperishable	不朽的	enduring forever	The philosopher sought imperishable truths beyond opinion.
indelible	不可磨滅的	making marks that cannot be removed	The experience left an indelible impression on her worldview.

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Group 18：勤奮的（Diligence / Hard Work）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
assiduous	刻苦勤奮的	showing great care and perseverance	Her assiduous preparation for the trial impressed the senior partner.
sedulous	勤勉的	showing dedication and diligence	The sedulous researcher spent years verifying every data point.
diligent	勤勞的	having careful and persistent effort	Diligent study habits distinguish top students from the rest.
industrious	勤奮的	hardworking and energetic	The industrious intern completed a month’s work in a week.
indefatigable	不知疲倦的	persisting tirelessly	Her indefatigable advocacy finally led to legislative reform.
meticulous	一絲不苟的	showing great attention to detail	The meticulous proofreader caught errors everyone missed.

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Group 19：懶惰的（Laziness / Sluggishness）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
indolent	懶惰的	wanting to avoid activity or exertion	The indolent cat spent 20 hours a day sleeping.
lethargic	昏昏欲睡的	affected by lack of energy	The heat wave left everyone feeling lethargic.
slothful	怠惰的	reluctant to work or make an effort	The slothful approach to monitoring allowed the fraud to continue.
torpid	遲鈍的	mentally or physically inactive	Bears emerge from their torpid winter state in early spring.
lackadaisical	無精打采的	lacking enthusiasm or determination	The team’s lackadaisical attitude cost them the championship.
listless	倦怠無力的	lacking energy or enthusiasm	Depression often manifests as a listless demeanor.

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Group 20：聰明／敏銳（Intelligence / Keen Perception）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
perspicacious	洞察力強的	having keen mental perception	The perspicacious investor spotted the trend before anyone else.
sagacious	睿智的	having keen judgment; wise	The elder’s sagacious counsel guided the community through crises.
astute	精明的	having accurate judgment	An astute observation during negotiations broke the deadlock.
shrewd	機靈的	sharp powers of judgment	Her shrewd business decisions tripled the company’s valuation.
acumen (n.)	敏銳	the ability to make good judgments	Her political acumen was unmatched in Washington.
discernment (n.)	洞察力	the ability to judge well	The curator had remarkable discernment for spotting forgeries.
incisive	尖銳深刻的	intelligently analytical and clear-thinking	The professor asked incisive questions that exposed the flaw.

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Group 21：愚蠢的（Stupidity / Foolishness）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
fatuous	愚蠢的	silly and pointless	His fatuous remarks in the meeting undermined his credibility.
inane	空洞愚蠢的	silly; stupid; without significance	The reception was filled with inane small talk.
vacuous	空洞無知的	having or showing lack of thought	The celebrity’s vacuous interview responses went viral.
asinine	驢一樣笨的	extremely stupid or foolish	The proposal was too asinine to deserve a serious rebuttal.
obtuse	遲鈍的	annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand	How could you be so obtuse about her obvious hints?
witless	無智的	foolish; stupid	The witless prank nearly caused a serious accident.

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Group 22：預測／預兆（Prediction / Omen）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
presage (v.)	預示	to be a sign or warning of	The sharp decline in sales presaged the company’s bankruptcy.
portend	預兆（負面）	to be a sign or warning of (something bad)	Dark clouds portended an approaching storm.
augur	預示	to be a sign of a likely outcome	The election results augur well for education funding.
harbinger (n.)	先兆	a person or thing announcing the approach of another	Early blooms were a harbinger of an unusually warm spring.
prognosticate	預測	to foretell from signs or symptoms	Analysts attempted to prognosticate the market’s direction.
omen (n.)	徵兆	an event regarded as a sign of good or evil	Superstitious sailors viewed the albatross as an omen of good luck.

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Group 23：傳統的／守舊的（Traditional / Conventional）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
hidebound	守舊頑固的	narrow and rigid in opinion	The hidebound institution resisted even modest reforms.
orthodox	正統的	conforming to established doctrine	His views were strictly orthodox within the discipline.
doctrinaire	教條主義的	seeking to impose doctrine without regard to practicalities	Try not to be too doctrinaire—circumstances demand flexibility.
conservative	保守的	averse to change; holding traditional values	The board took a conservative approach to financial management.
reactionary	反動保守的	opposing political or social progress	The pamphlet advocated reactionary policies from a bygone era.

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Group 24：創新的／非傳統的（Innovative / Unconventional）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
iconoclastic	反傳統的	attacking cherished beliefs or institutions	The iconoclastic artist challenged every convention of portraiture.
maverick (n./adj.)	特立獨行者	an unorthodox or independent-minded person	The maverick scientist pursued theories his peers dismissed.
unorthodox	非正統的	contrary to what is usual or accepted	Her unorthodox treatment protocol yielded unexpected results.
heretical	異端的（挑戰權威）	holding opinions at odds with what is generally accepted	Suggesting the earth orbits the sun was once heretical.
avant-garde	前衛的	new and experimental in ideas or art	The avant-garde composer’s work divided audiences dramatically.
novel (adj.)	新穎的	interestingly new or unusual	She proposed a novel solution to the decades-old problem.

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Group 25：平靜／冷靜（Calmness / Composure）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
phlegmatic	冷靜沉著的	having a calm, unexcitable temperament	The emergency room doctor remained phlegmatic during the crisis.
stoic	堅忍的	enduring pain without complaint	With stoic resolve, she finished the marathon on a fractured foot.
imperturbable	沉著鎮定的	unable to be upset or excited	The diplomat’s imperturbable demeanor calmed the tense room.
sanguine	樂觀沉穩的	cheerfully optimistic, esp. in difficulty	She remained sanguine about the project despite repeated setbacks.
equanimity (n.)	平靜沉著	mental calmness in difficult situations	He accepted the verdict with remarkable equanimity.
aplomb (n.)	鎮定自若	self-confidence in a demanding situation	She handled the hostile interviewer with impressive aplomb.

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Group 26：混亂／動盪（Chaos / Turmoil）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
tumultuous	混亂動盪的	making a loud, confused noise; disorderly	The decade was a tumultuous period of social upheaval.
turbulent	動蕩的	characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion	The airline industry has endured turbulent market conditions.
tempestuous	暴風雨的／情緒激動的	characterized by strong and turbulent emotion	Their tempestuous relationship ended as dramatically as it began.
chaotic	混亂的	in a state of complete disorder	The evacuation was chaotic, with no clear lines of communication.
anarchic	無政府狀態的	without authority; lawless	The region descended into anarchic violence after the regime fell.
pandemonium (n.)	大混亂	wild and noisy disorder	The announcement triggered pandemonium on the trading floor.

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Group 27：多變的／不穩定的（Changeable / Unstable）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
capricious	反覆無常的	given to sudden changes of mood or behavior	The capricious weather made outdoor planning impossible.
mercurial	善變的	subject to sudden changes of mood or mind	The mercurial director changed the script three times during filming.
volatile	易變的	liable to rapid and unpredictable change	The political situation remained highly volatile.
whimsical	奇思異想的	playfully unpredictable	Her whimsical fashion choices made her a street-style icon.
fickle	易變的	changing frequently, esp. in loyalty	Fickle consumers abandoned the brand for the next trend.
erratic	不穩定的	not regular or predictable in pattern	His erratic driving suggested impairment.

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Group 28：和諧／一致（Harmony / Agreement）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
concord (n.)	和諧／一致	agreement between people or groups	The treaty established concord between formerly warring nations.
amicable	友善的／和睦的	characterized by goodwill; friendly	The divorce was remarkably amicable, with no custody battle.
consonant	一致的	in agreement or harmony with	The policy is consonant with the organization’s core values.
congruent	一致的	in agreement or harmony	Her actions were rarely congruent with her stated principles.
unanimous	一致的	fully in agreement	The jury reached a unanimous verdict in under an hour.
rapprochement (n.)	和解	the establishment of harmonious relations	Decades of hostility gave way to a historic rapprochement.

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Group 29：多餘的／不必要的（Superfluous / Unnecessary）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
superfluous	多餘的	unnecessary; exceeding what is sufficient	The report contained pages of superfluous background information.
redundant	冗餘的	not needed; superfluous	Automation rendered dozens of positions redundant.
supernumerary	多餘人員的	exceeding the usual number	The cast included several supernumerary actors as crowd fillers.
extraneous	無關的	irrelevant to the subject	Please omit extraneous details from your summary.
gratuitous	無端的／不必要的	uncalled for; lacking good reason	The film’s gratuitous violence offended many viewers.
otiose	無用的	serving no practical purpose	The committee was an otiose body that had not met in years.

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Group 30：必要／不可或缺（Essential / Indispensable）

單字	中文意思	英文定義	例句
indispensable	不可或缺的	absolutely necessary	Clean water is indispensable for public health.
quintessential	典型的／精華的	representing the most perfect example	The film is the quintessential romantic comedy.
requisite	必須的	made necessary by circumstances	She lacked the requisite experience for the senior role.
integral	構成整體所需的	necessary to make a whole complete	Trust is integral to a successful partnership.
vital	極其重要的	absolutely necessary or important	Early detection is vital for treating the disease.
paramount	至上的	more important than anything else	Child safety is paramount in product design.

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三、20 組 GRE 高頻易混淆詞對

Pair 1: ingenuous vs. ingenious

	單字	意思	例句
	ingenuous	天真的、不世故的	The child’s ingenuous question embarrassed the dinner guests.
	ingenious	有創意的、精巧的	The ingenious device could filter water using only sunlight.
記法	ingenuous = innocent (天真)、ingenious = genius (天才般的)

Pair 2: complacent vs. complaisant

	單字	意思	例句
	complacent	自滿的、得意忘形的	The company grew complacent after years of market dominance.
	complaisant	順從的、殷勤的	The complaisant assistant never questioned her boss’s decisions.
記法	complacent = 自我感覺良好；complaisant = 討好別人

Pair 3: discreet vs. discrete

	單字	意思	例句
	discreet	慎重的、低調的	Please be discreet about the merger—it hasn’t been announced yet.
	discrete	分離的、個別的	The project was divided into five discrete phases.
記法	discreet 的兩個 ee 像閉緊的嘴（守密）；discrete 的 t 分隔了兩個 e（分離）

Pair 4: eminent vs. imminent

	單字	意思	例句
	eminent	傑出的、知名的	The award was presented by an eminent physicist.
	imminent	即將發生的	With clouds gathering, a storm seemed imminent.
記法	eminent = 有名的；imminent = imminent danger（即將發生）

Pair 5: ambiguous vs. ambivalent

	單字	意思	例句
	ambiguous	模糊的、多義的	The contract language was deliberately ambiguous.
	ambivalent	矛盾的、搖擺不定的	She felt ambivalent about accepting the promotion.
記法	ambiguous = 意思不清楚（客觀）；ambivalent = 心情矛盾（主觀）

Pair 6: allusion vs. illusion

	單字	意思	例句
	allusion	暗示、典故	The poem’s allusion to Greek mythology escaped most readers.
	illusion	錯覺、幻覺	The mirror created an illusion of greater space.
記法	allusion = allude to（提到）；illusion = 魔術幻覺

Pair 7: flout vs. flaunt

	單字	意思	例句
	flout	蔑視、無視（規則）	Teenagers often flout rules they consider arbitrary.
	flaunt	炫耀、賣弄	He parked his sports car conspicuously to flaunt his wealth.
記法	flout = flout the law（藐視法律）；flaunt = 炫耀

Pair 8: militate vs. mitigate

	單字	意思	例句
	militate	產生影響（反對）	The high cost militates against adopting the new technology.
	mitigate	減輕、緩和	Planting trees helped mitigate the effects of erosion.
記法	militate = military（武力對抗）；mitigate = 減輕

Pair 9: exacerbate vs. exasperate

	單字	意思	例句
	exacerbate	加劇、惡化	The drought exacerbated the region’s food shortages.
	exasperate	激怒、使惱怒	His constant interruptions began to exasperate even his allies.
記法	exacerbate = make worse（使情況變糟）；exasperate = make angry（使人惱怒）

Pair 10: amoral vs. immoral

	單字	意思	例句
	amoral	與道德無關的	Young children are amoral—they haven’t yet developed ethical reasoning.
	immoral	不道德的	Embezzling funds is both illegal and immoral.
記法	a-moral = 無關道德；im-moral = 違反道德

Pair 11: historic vs. historical

	單字	意思	例句
	historic	有重大歷史意義的	The moon landing was a historic achievement.
	historical	與歷史相關的	She relied on historical records to reconstruct the timeline.
記法	historic = momentous（重大如里程碑）；historical = related to history（一般歷史的）

Pair 12: tortuous vs. torturous

	單字	意思	例句
	tortuous	迂迴曲折的	A tortuous mountain road wound through 40 hairpin turns.
	torturous	折磨人的	The torturous interrogation lasted 14 hours.
記法	tortuous = twisty（彎彎繞繞）；torturous = torture（折磨）

Pair 13: deprecate vs. depreciate

	單字	意思	例句
	deprecate	反對、貶低	He tended to deprecate his own achievements out of modesty.
	depreciate	貶值	New cars depreciate significantly within the first year.
記法	deprecate = 貶低（自我否定）；depreciate = 貶值（金融用語）

Pair 14: credible vs. credulous vs. creditable

	單字	意思	例句
	credible	可信的	The witness provided a credible account of the events.
	credulous	輕信的、易被騙的	Only the most credulous investors fell for the Ponzi scheme.
	creditable	值得讚揚的	Her performance was creditable for a first-time actor.
記法	credible = 可相信的；credulous = 太容易相信的；creditable = 值得稱讚的

Pair 15: precipitate vs. precipitous

	單字	意思	例句
	precipitate (adj.)	倉促的、突然的	The CEO resigned following a precipitate drop in stock value.
	precipitous	陡峭的、急轉直下的	The stock market’s precipitous decline alarmed regulators.
記法	precipitate = hasty（倉促的）；precipitous = steep（陡峭的）

Pair 16: equable vs. equitable

	單字	意思	例句
	equable	平穩的、溫和的	The region enjoys an equable climate year-round.
	equitable	公平的、公正的	A settlement must be equitable to both parties.
記法	equable = stable（穩定不變的）；equitable = fair（公平的）

Pair 17: perquisite vs. prerequisite

	單字	意思	例句
	perquisite	津貼、額外福利	A company car is one of the perquisites of the executive role.
	prerequisite	先決條件	A bachelor’s degree is a prerequisite for the master’s program.
記法	perquisite = perk（福利）；prerequisite = requirement（必要條件）

Pair 18: appraise vs. apprise

	單字	意思	例句
	appraise	估價、評估	The jeweler will appraise the diamond before the auction.
	apprise	通知、告知	Please apprise me of any changes to the schedule.
記法	appraise = assess（評估價值）；apprise = inform（通知）

Pair 19: proscribe vs. prescribe

	單字	意思	例句
	proscribe	禁止、取締	The organization was proscribed by the government as a terrorist group.
	prescribe	規定、開藥方	The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the infection.
記法	proscribe = prohibit（禁止）；prescribe = 開處方／規定

Pair 20: adapt vs. adept vs. adopt

	單字	意思	例句
	adapt	適應、改編	The species adapted to the changing climate over millennia.
	adept	嫻熟的、擅長的	He was particularly adept at defusing tense situations.
	adopt	採用、領養	The committee voted to adopt the new guidelines.
記法	adapt = 適應；adept = 熟練的；adopt = 採用

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四、20 個常見拉丁／希臘字根

Root 1: AM/AMAT — love（愛）

• amiable — 友善的（lovable）
• amorous — 多情的
• amateur — 業餘愛好者
• enamored — 迷戀的
• amity — 友好關係

Root 2: BELL — war（戰爭）

• bellicose — 好戰的
• belligerent — 交戰的、挑釁的
• rebellious — 反叛的
• antebellum — 戰前的（特指美國南北戰爭前）

Root 3: BEN/BON — good（好）

• benevolent — 仁慈的
• benefactor — 捐助者、恩人
• benign — 良性的
• bona fide — 真誠的、真實的
• benediction — 祝福

Root 4: CHRON — time（時間）

• chronic — 長期的、慢性的
• chronological — 按時間順序的
• synchronize — 同步
• anachronism — 時代錯誤
• chronicle — 編年史

Root 5: CRED — believe（相信）

• credible — 可信的
• credulous — 輕信的
• incredulous — 懷疑的
• credo — 信條
• credence — 信任

Root 6: DIC/DICT — say/speak（說）

• dictate — 口述；命令
• benediction — 祝福（說好話）
• malediction — 詛咒（說壞話）
• verdict — 判決
• predicament — 困境

Root 7: EQUI — equal（平等）

• equitable — 公平的
• equanimity — 平靜沉著（心態平衡）
• equivocal — 模稜兩可的（兩邊一樣的）
• equilibrium — 平衡
• equable — 平穩的

Root 8: LOQU/LOC — speak（說話）

• loquacious — 多話的
• eloquent — 有口才的
• colloquial — 口語的
• soliloquy — 獨白
• grandiloquent — 誇張言語的

Root 9: MAGN — great（大）

• magnanimous — 寬宏大量的（心胸大的）
• magnate — 巨頭、大亨
• magnitude — 巨大、重要性
• magniloquent — 誇張說大話的

Root 10: MAL — bad（壞）

• malevolent — 有惡意的
• malign — 惡性的；誹謗
• malfeasance — 不法行為
• maladroit — 笨拙的
• malcontent — 不滿分子

Root 11: NOV/NEO — new（新）

• novel — 新穎的
• innovation — 創新
• neophyte — 新手
• renovate — 翻新
• neologism — 新詞

Root 12: PATH/PASS — feel/suffer（感受／受苦）

• apathetic — 冷漠的（毫無感受的）
• antipathy — 反感
• empathy — 同理心
• pathological — 病態的
• impassioned — 充滿熱情的

Root 13: PHIL — love（愛）

• philanthropic — 慈善的（愛人類的）
• philology — 語言學（愛語言的）
• bibliophile — 愛書者
• philosophy — 哲學（愛智慧的）

Root 14: SCRIB/SCRIPT — write（寫）

• proscribe — 禁止
• prescribe — 規定
• inscribe — 刻寫
• circumscribe — 限制、畫界
• conscript — 徵兵

Root 15: SPEC/SPIC — look（看）

• perspicacious — 洞察力強的
• conspicuous — 顯眼的
• specious — 似是而非的（看似對的）
• circumspect — 謹慎的（四處觀望的）
• retrospective — 回顧的

Root 16: TAC/TIC — silent（安靜）

• taciturn — 沉默寡言的
• tacit — 默示的、心照不宣的
• reticent — 緘默的

Root 17: TRACT — pull/draw（拉）

• intractable — 難駕馭的（拉不動的）
• detract — 貶低（拉走）
• protracted — 拖延的（向前拉的）
• retract — 撤回（拉回來）
• extract — 提取（拉出來）

Root 18: VER — true（真實）

• veracious — 真實的
• verdict — 判決（說出真相）
• verify — 驗證
• verisimilitude — 逼真、貌似真實

Root 19: VOC/VOK — call（呼喚）

• equivocal — 模稜兩可的
• unequivocal — 明確的
• vociferous — 大聲疾呼的
• advocate — 倡導（向…呼籲）
• provocative — 挑釁的（向前叫囂）

Root 20: VOL — wish/will（意志）

• benevolent — 仁慈的（好意願的）
• malevolent — 有惡意的（惡意願的）
• volition — 意志選擇
• involuntary — 非自願的

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五、詞彙練習測驗

Test 1: 配對 + 句子填空（20 題）

Part A: Matching（10 題）——將左側單字與右側意思配對。

題號	單字		選項	意思
1	laconic		A	using very few words
2	pernicious		B	courage under pain
3	loquacious		C	deceptive, double-dealing
4	fortitude		D	talkative
5	ephemeral		E	harmful in a subtle way
6	duplicitous		F	stubborn
7	magnanimous		G	lasting a short time
8	iconoclastic		H	generously forgiving
9	obdurate		I	attacking traditions
10	veracious		J	truthful

Part B: Sentence Completion（10 題）——選擇最適合的單字填入。

11. The diplomat’s remarks were deliberately ______, allowing both sides to interpret the statement as supporting their position.

(A) unequivocal　(B) equivocal　(C) verbose　(D) terse　(E) candid

12. Despite her reputation for ______ spending, the CEO was surprisingly generous when funding employee education programs.

(A) prodigal　(B) philanthropic　(C) parsimonious　(D) munificent　(E) altruistic

13. The two species evolved along ______ paths: though they share a common ancestor, their adaptations diverged so completely that they now appear unrelated.

(A) parallel　(B) congruent　(C) convergent　(D) discrete　(E) convergent

14. Far from being ______, the student’s questions revealed a deep—if unconventional—understanding of the material.

(A) perspicacious　(B) fatuous　(C) sagacious　(D) incisive　(E) astute

15. The historian’s work was praised for its ______ research; she had consulted archives in seven countries and cross-referenced documents in four languages.

(A) perfunctory　(B) cursory　(C) meticulous　(D) lackadaisical　(E) superficial

16. The ancient text was written in such ______ language that only a handful of specialists could decipher its meaning.

(A) lucid　(B) pellucid　(C) arcane　(D) transparent　(E) prosaic

17. The two business partners maintained a facade of ______, but behind closed doors their rivalry was fierce and ______.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) cordiality	(D) amicable
(B) animosity	(E) acrimonious
(C) indifference	(F) indifferent

18. Although the medicine was intended to ______ the pain, it seemed to ______ the patient’s discomfort instead.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) alleviate	(D) exacerbate
(B) induce	(E) mitigate
(C) diagnose	(F) assuage

19. The professor was known for her ______ teaching style, using ______ anecdotes and digressions that often strayed far from the syllabus.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) laconic	(D) pithy
(B) discursive	(E) succinct
(C) austere	(F) tangential

20. The reformer’s ______ approach alienated potential allies; his refusal to accept even modest compromises ultimately ______ the very progress he claimed to champion.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) conciliatory	(D) accelerated
(B) intransigent	(E) impeded
(C) pragmatic	(F) facilitated

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Test 1 Answer Key:

Q	答案	解析
1	A	laconic = 簡短的
2	E	pernicious = 有害的（潛移默化型的危害）
3	D	loquacious = 多話的
4	B	fortitude = 堅忍（面對痛苦展現的勇氣）
5	G	ephemeral = 短暫的
6	C	duplicitous = 兩面手法、欺騙的
7	H	magnanimous = 寬宏大量的（尤指對待對手或弱者）
8	I	iconoclastic = 反傳統的
9	F	obdurate = 固執的
10	J	veracious = 真實的、說實話的
11	B	equivocal = 模稜兩可——讓雙方都能解讀為支持自己
12	C	”Despite” 暗示對比——聲譽是 parsimonious（吝嗇），但對員工教育出奇地大方
13	D	discrete = 分離的——兩條演化路徑完全不同
14	B	”Far from being” = 遠非——不是 fatuous（愚蠢的），而是展現出對材料的深度理解
15	C	meticulous = 一絲不苟的——查閱七個國家的檔案
16	C	arcane = 晦澀難懂的——只有極少數專家能解讀
17	(i) A, (ii) E	表面 cordiality（友善），私下 acrimonious（尖酸刻薄）
18	(i) A, (ii) D	意圖 alleviate（減輕疼痛），卻 exacerbate（加劇）了不適
19	(i) B, (ii) F	discursive 和 tangential 都指離題、散漫的風格
20	(i) B, (ii) E	intransigent（不妥協）的態度 impeded（阻礙）了進步

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Test 2: 同義詞選擇 + 文脈理解（20 題）

Instructions for Questions 1–10: Each question presents a target word. Select the TWO answer choices that are closest in meaning to the target word.

Q1. PROLIX ☐ (A) pithy　☐ (B) verbose　☐ (C) succinct　☐ (D) laconic　☐ (E) long-winded　☐ (F) terse

Q2. PERFIDIOUS ☐ (A) loyal　☐ (B) treacherous　☐ (C) faithful　☐ (D) duplicitous　☐ (E) steadfast　☐ (F) candid

Q3. EPHEMERAL ☐ (A) enduring　☐ (B) fleeting　☐ (C) permanent　☐ (D) transitory　☐ (E) immutable　☐ (F) perpetual

Q4. CAPRICIOUS ☐ (A) predictable　☐ (B) whimsical　☐ (C) steadfast　☐ (D) consistent　☐ (E) fickle　☐ (F) methodical

Q5. PAUCITY ☐ (A) abundance　☐ (B) dearth　☐ (C) plethora　☐ (D) scarcity　☐ (E) surplus　☐ (F) profusion

Q6. VENERATE ☐ (A) disparage　☐ (B) revere　☐ (C) denigrate　☐ (D) worship　☐ (E) belittle　☐ (F) deride

Q7. EQUANIMITY ☐ (A) composure　☐ (B) agitation　☐ (C) poise　☐ (D) anxiety　☐ (E) turbulence　☐ (F) frenzy

Q8. RECONDITE ☐ (A) obvious　☐ (B) patent　☐ (C) superficial　☐ (D) abstruse　☐ (E) esoteric　☐ (F) manifest

Q9. MITIGATE ☐ (A) exacerbate　☐ (B) intensify　☐ (C) alleviate　☐ (D) aggravate　☐ (E) palliate　☐ (F) compound

Q10. OBDURATE ☐ (A) yielding　☐ (B) obstinate　☐ (C) malleable　☐ (D) pliant　☐ (E) recalcitrant　☐ (F) flexible

Instructions for Questions 11–20: Select the one answer choice that best fits the meaning of the sentence.

Q11. The CEO’s explanation for the company’s poor performance struck many board members as ______; she spent forty minutes speaking without offering a single concrete reason for the decline.

(A) concise　(B) prolix　(C) cogent　(D) succinct　(E) insightful

Q12. The biologist maintained that the relationship between the two organisms was ______, not competitive: each derived measurable benefit from the other’s presence.

(A) parasitic　(B) antagonistic　(C) symbiotic　(D) predatory　(E) indifferent

Q13. The politician’s ______ response to questions about the scandal—claiming not to recall key meetings, denying documented events—suggested a calculated strategy rather than genuine forgetfulness.

(A) forthright　(B) ingenuous　(C) candid　(D) evasive　(E) transparent

Q14. The ancient manuscript was discovered in such ______ condition that conservators feared it would crumble to dust at the slightest touch.

(A) pristine　(B) robust　(C) immaculate　(D) fragile　(E) intact

Q15. The economic forecast predicted a period of ______ growth: slow but steady, unlikely to impress investors but also unlikely to trigger alarm.

(A) exponential　(B) meteoric　(C) tepid　(D) precipitous　(E) explosive

Q16. Unlike her predecessor, whose management style was notoriously ______, the new director encouraged open dialogue and regularly solicited feedback from all levels of the organization.

(A) democratic　(B) autocratic　(C) egalitarian　(D) permissive　(E) collaborative

Q17. The critic described the novel as ______, praising its sprawling ambition but lamenting that the author had attempted to cover so much ground that no single theme received adequate development.

(A) pithy　(B) laconic　(C) diffuse　(D) focused　(E) trenchant

Q18. The archaeological team’s discovery of tools and pottery fragments was not, by itself, ______; it was the radiocarbon dating that transformed these artifacts into evidence of a previously unknown civilization.

(A) controversial　(B) revelatory　(C) unprecedented　(D) fraudulent　(E) meticulous

Q19. The diplomat walked a ______ line between acknowledging her own country’s mistakes without appearing to ______ its sovereignty or national pride.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) broad	(D) undermine
(B) fine	(E) bolster
(C) circuitous	(F) celebrate

Q20. Most critics considered the director’s early films to be her most ______ work; however, a small but vocal contingent of cinephiles argued that these supposedly minor films actually ______ the thematic preoccupations that would define her later, more celebrated masterpieces.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
(A) negligible	(D) adumbrated
(B) accomplished	(E) contradicted
(C) derivative	(F) eschewed

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Test 2 Answer Key:

Q	答案	解析
Q1	B, E	PROLIX = 冗長囉嗦的 ≈ verbose, long-winded
Q2	B, D	PERFIDIOUS = 背信棄義的 ≈ treacherous, duplicitous
Q3	B, D	EPHEMERAL = 短暫的 ≈ fleeting, transitory
Q4	B, E	CAPRICIOUS = 反覆無常的 ≈ whimsical, fickle
Q5	B, D	PAUCITY = 匱乏 ≈ dearth, scarcity
Q6	B, D	VENERATE = 尊敬崇拜 ≈ revere, worship
Q7	A, C	EQUANIMITY = 平靜沉著 ≈ composure, poise
Q8	D, E	RECONDITE = 難懂的 ≈ abstruse, esoteric
Q9	C, E	MITIGATE = 減輕 ≈ alleviate, palliate
Q10	B, E	OBDURATE = 固執的 ≈ obstinate, recalcitrant
Q11	B	prolix = 冗長——說40分鐘卻沒提出一個具體原因
Q12	C	symbiotic = 共生的——彼此受益而非競爭
Q13	D	evasive = 迴避的——假裝不記得、否認記錄
Q14	D	fragile = 脆弱的——擔心輕輕一碰就化為灰塵
Q15	C	tepid = 不冷不熱的——緩慢但穩定
Q16	B	autocratic = 獨裁的——與新的開放對話形成對比
Q17	C	diffuse = 分散的——試圖涵蓋太多以至於沒有主題充分發展
Q18	B	revelatory = 揭示性的——工具和陶片本身不具 revelatory，放射性定年才賦予了意義
Q19	(i) B, (ii) D	walk a fine line（走鋼索）→ undermine（損害主權）
Q20	(i) A, (ii) D	negligible（微不足道的）vs. adumbrated（預示）

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六、備考資源與學習工具推薦

6.1 必備單字書與 App

資源	推薦理由
Barron’s 1100 Words You Need to Know	以週為單位，每週學 20 個單字，有練習題
Magoosh GRE Vocabulary Flashcards	免費 App，約 1000 個高頻單字，介面簡單好用
Manhattan Prep GRE 500 Essential Words	分類清楚，附帶同義詞群組
Word Power Made Easy (Norman Lewis)	史上最好的字根字首學習書，適合系統性學習
Quizlet	自建字卡或使用他人分享的 GRE 字卡集
Anki	最強大的間隔重複軟體（需花時間設定）

6.2 每日單字學習時間表（建議）

時段	活動	時間
早晨	學習 15-20 個新單字（用主題分組法，非按字母）	20 分鐘
午餐後	快速複習早晨的單字（Quizlet/Anki）	10 分鐘
晚上	做 5-10 題字彙練習（TC 或 SE）	15 分鐘
睡前	瀏覽當天學過的單字，搭配例句在心中默念	10 分鐘

威威老師小提醒

背單字最忌諱的就是「一次背太久」！心理學研究顯示，每天 15 分鐘、連續 7 天的效果，遠遠好過一次猛背 2 小時。

大腦需要睡眠來鞏固記憶——所以「每天少量＋搭配睡前複習」才是王道！

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威威老師的最後一句話

記住威威心法：

認識一個單字 ≠ 能在考試中正確使用它。

多多練習 Text Completion 和 Sentence Equivalence，把單字「用出來」才是真正的掌握！

3 大成功要素：

1. 主題分組 > 字母順序
2. 每天 15 分鐘 > 一次 2 小時
3. 造句 + 閱讀 > 死背中文解釋

6 個月有計畫地練——你會驚訝自己的單字量爆炸式成長！

我們頂尖研究所見！🚂🌍

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