威威老師的文法特快車:be動詞與一般動詞 (BE Verb vs. General Verbs)
課程導航
哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。
上一篇你拿到了五大句型的「萬能鑰匙」。但你有沒有發現一件詭異的事——
為什麼 “She is happy” 變否定是 “She isn’t happy”, 但 “She likes pizza” 變否定卻變成 “She doesn’t like pizza”? 為什麼一個動詞自己變否定,另一個動詞還要找 do 來幫忙?
英文的動詞,其實分成兩個幫派——一邊是自帶武器的 be 動詞,一邊是需要請保鑣的一般動詞。今天我們就來認識這兩大幫派,搞清楚它們的勢力範圍和不同行事規則。
這一章看似簡單,實則藏著台灣學生前三大常犯錯誤——學會了,下次寫作文就少踩一半的地雷。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 三題小謎題
先憑直覺答,不要查資料:
- 「He is happy.」改成否定句是什麼?
- 「She likes pizza.」改成疑問句是什麼?
- 「The soup tastes good.」為什麼是 good(形容詞)而不是 well(副詞)?
寫下答案再往下看 👇
一、英文動詞的兩大幫派
英文動詞分成兩大幫派,各有規矩,互不通用:
| 幫派 A:be 動詞 | 幫派 B:一般動詞 | |
|---|---|---|
| 成員 | am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being | eat, go, play, study, like, love, run, … |
| 本質 | 狀態動詞(是什麼/在哪裡/什麼樣子) | 動作動詞(做什麼) |
| 比喻 | 像「等號 (=)」 | 像「箭頭 (→)」 |
| 否定/疑問 | 自帶武器——自己變身 | 需要保鑣——找 do/does/did |
💡 威威核心比喻:
- be 動詞像等號: She is a teacher → She = teacher(描述身份/狀態)
- 一般動詞像箭頭: She teaches English → She → English(動作射出去)
二、be 動詞全家族 — 一張表搞定 8 種變化
2-1 現在式 / 過去式 / 未來式 / 完成式
| I | You | He/She/It | We | They | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 現在 | am | are | is | are | are |
| 過去 | was | were | was | were | were |
| 未來 | will be | will be | will be | will be | will be |
| 現在完成 | have been | have been | has been | have been | have been |
| 過去完成 | had been | had been | had been | had been | had been |
🎵 威威口訣(押韻版): 「I 配 am,you 配 are,is 跟著他/她/它,we / they 是複數家,全部都用 are!」 「過去 I/he 是 was,you / we / they 都用 were!」
2-2 be 動詞的三種用法(永遠是第二型!)
| 用法 | 結構 | 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be + 名詞 | S + be + N | She is a doctor. | 補語是名詞 |
| be + 形容詞 | S + be + adj | She is beautiful. | 補語是形容詞 |
| be + 介系詞片語 | S + be + prep phrase | They are at school. | 補語是位置/狀態片語 |
💎 回顧 00 五大句型: 不管 be 後面接什麼,be 都把主詞和後面那個東西「等號」起來——所以 be 動詞句永遠是第二型 (S+V+C)。
🎯 be 動詞即時練習(5 題)
1. Fill in: They ______ at the library yesterday. (A) is (B) are (C) was (D) were
2. I ______ a doctor for ten years.(已經當醫生十年了) (A) am (B) was (C) have been (D) had been
3. 改錯:She and her sister is twins.
4. Choose the correct sentence: (A) The students are all at the gym now. (B) The students is all at the gym now. (C) The students were all at the gym tomorrow. (D) The students will at the gym now.
5. 翻譯:「他將來會是個好父親。」(用 will be)
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(D) were
“yesterday” → 過去式。They 是複數,過去式 be 動詞用 were。 完整:They were at the library yesterday. → S + V + C(介系詞片語當補語)→ 第二型。
第 2 題:(C) have been
“for ten years”(持續十年到現在)→ 現在完成式。I 搭配 have been。 完整:I have been a doctor for ten years. 💎 對比:(B) was 表示「過去某段時間是醫生(但現在不是了)」;(C) have been 強調「從過去持續到現在仍然是」。差別超大!
第 3 題:is → are
✅ 修正:She and her sister are twins. 解析:兩個人 (She and her sister) → 複數主詞 → 用 are,不能用 is。 💎 兩個主詞用 and 連起來時 → 一律是複數!這是 07 主詞動詞一致 會深入的觀念。
第 4 題:(A)
(A) ✅ The students are all at the gym now. → are + 介系詞片語當補語。 (B) ❌ “The students is” → students 是複數,要用 are。 (C) ❌ “were … tomorrow” → 過去式 + 未來時間 = 矛盾。 (D) ❌ “The students will at the gym” → will 後面缺動詞!要用 will be at the gym。
第 5 題:He will be a good father.
✅ 結構:He (S) will be (V) a good father (C - 名詞補語) → 第二型。 💎 will be 是經典「未來式 be 動詞」——不管主詞是誰,都用 will be。 進階變體:He is going to be a good father.(強調已可預見)
三、一般動詞 (General Verbs) — 三種人格
一般動詞按照「需不需要受詞」分成三種:
3-1 及物動詞 (Transitive Verbs) — 一定要受詞
後面必須接受詞——沒受詞句子就會「半截」。
測試法: 動詞後面問「what?」如果一定要回答,就是及物。
| 動詞 | 範例 |
|---|---|
| eat (吃) | I eat rice. |
| like (喜歡) | She likes music. |
| want (想要) | He wants a job. |
| need (需要) | We need help. |
| love (愛) | They love dogs. |
| buy (買) | She bought a car. |
| make (做) | Mom made dinner. |
| see (看見) | I see you. |
| know (知道) | He knows the answer. |
| give (給) | She gave me a gift. |
3-2 不及物動詞 (Intransitive Verbs) — 自己就完整
後面不接受詞——自己就活得下去。
測試法: 動詞後面問「what?」沒答案,就是不及物。
| 動詞 | 範例 |
|---|---|
| sleep (睡) | The baby sleeps. |
| arrive (抵達) | They arrived. |
| die (死) | The plant died. |
| happen (發生) | Accidents happen. |
| smile (微笑) | She smiled. |
| laugh (笑) | We laughed. |
| run (跑) | He runs every morning. |
| swim (游) | I swim daily. |
| come (來) | They come tomorrow. |
| go (去) | We go now. |
3-3 雙面動詞 — 兩種身分都行
看後面有沒有受詞,決定它是哪種人格。重點是看上下文,不要死背!
| 動詞 | 不及物用法 (S+V) | 及物用法 (S+V+O) |
|---|---|---|
| sing | Birds sing. | I sing a song. |
| play | Children play. | They play basketball. |
| read | She reads at night. | She reads a book. |
| eat | We eat at 6. | We eat dinner. |
| write | He writes for fun. | He writes stories. |
| run | She runs fast. | She runs a company. |
| drive | I drive carefully. | He drives a Tesla. |
| win | We won! | We won the game. |
🌟 威威鐵則:「不要背動詞分類,要看後面有沒有受詞。」 同一個動詞穿不同衣服可以扮不同角色——關鍵看戲服。
🎯 一般動詞即時練習(5 題)
1. Identify whether the verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (I): (a) The sun rises in the east. (b) She wrote a beautiful poem. (c) Time flies. (d) I’ll explain the rule later.
2. Choose the incorrect sentence: (A) She arrived at 9 PM. (B) He arrived the airport at 9 PM. (C) He arrived in Tokyo last night. (D) They arrived home safely.
3. Fill in: Children love ______. (A) play (B) playing (C) plays (D) played (注意:love 是及物動詞,後面接什麼?)
4. 改錯:My sister enjoys to read mystery novels.
5. Find the verb that’s used both transitively AND intransitively in this paragraph: “Yesterday, my friend ran home in the rain. He runs five miles every morning. Today he runs a small fitness studio downtown.”
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:
(a) I — rise 是不及物(“in the east” 是介系詞片語,不是受詞)。 (b) T — wrote 後面接 “a beautiful poem”(受詞)。 (c) I — fly 在這裡是不及物(諺語「光陰似箭」,沒受詞)。 (d) T — explain 是及物,“the rule” 是受詞。 💎 注意:(d) 中的 explain 雖然及物,但不能直接接人——要說 “explain the rule to me”,不是 “explain me the rule”。這是台灣學生超常犯的錯!
第 2 題:(B)
✅ (B) “He arrived the airport” 錯誤! 修正:He arrived at the airport at 9 PM. 解析:arrive 是不及物動詞——後面永遠要加介系詞 (at / in / home)!
- arrive at + 小地方(餐廳、車站、機場)
- arrive in + 大地方(城市、國家)
- arrive home / here / there(home 在這裡是副詞,不接介系詞) 💎 這是台灣學生 Top 5 錯誤之一!中文「抵達機場」直譯會錯。
第 3 題:(B) playing
解析:love 是及物動詞,後面要接受詞(名詞性質的東西)。動詞要當受詞 → 變成名詞性質 → 用 V-ing(動名詞)。 ✅ Children love playing.(孩子喜歡玩。) ❌ (A) play 是原形動詞,不能直接當受詞。 💎 進階觀念:love 後面接 V-ing 或 to V 都可以(love playing / love to play 兩種都對),但這題選項只有 V-ing,所以選 (B)。詳細在 13 不定詞與動名詞。
第 4 題:to read → reading
✅ 修正:My sister enjoys reading mystery novels. 解析:enjoy 後面只能接 V-ing,不能接 to V!這是「動名詞鐵則」的成員之一。 💎 同類動詞(只接 V-ing):enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, practice, consider, deny, admit。記法:「MEGAFEPS」(Mind, Enjoy, Give up, Avoid, Finish, Escape, Postpone, Stop) — 詳見 13 不定詞與動名詞。
第 5 題:
答案:run / runs 三句中的 ran/runs 用法各不同:
- “ran home” → 不及物(home 是副詞,不是受詞)
- “runs five miles” → 不及物(five miles 是時量/距離副詞)
- “runs a small fitness studio” → 及物(a small fitness studio 是受詞,意思是「經營」) 💎 同一個動詞在同一段話裡,可以扮兩種角色!這就是雙面動詞的精髓。
四、兩大幫派最大差異 — 否定句與疑問句的變法
這是全章最重要的觀念!考試出 100 題,至少有 30 題在考這個。
4-1 be 動詞:自帶武器,自己變身
| 句型 | 規則 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 直接用 | She is happy. |
| 否定 | be + not | She is not happy. = She isn’t happy. |
| 疑問 | be 提到主詞前 | Is she happy? |
| 簡答 | Yes/No + 主詞 + be | Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. |
4-2 一般動詞:需要 do/does/did 當保鑣
| 句型 | 規則 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 直接用 | She likes pizza. |
| 否定 | do/does/did + not + 原形 V | She doesn’t like pizza. |
| 疑問 | Do/Does/Did + S + 原形 V? | Does she like pizza? |
| 簡答 | Yes/No + 主詞 + do/does/did | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. |
🚨 巨大陷阱: 一般動詞變否定/疑問時,do/does/did 出場後,原本的動詞要打回原形!
❌ She doesn’t likes pizza. (likes 沒打回原形) ✅ She doesn’t like pizza. (打回原形)
❌ Does she likes pizza? ✅ Does she like pizza?
4-3 超級對照表(背下來考試多 20 分)
| be 動詞 | 一般動詞 | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定(現在) | She is happy. | She likes pizza. |
| 否定(現在) | She isn’t happy. | She doesn’t like pizza. |
| 疑問(現在) | Is she happy? | Does she like pizza? |
| 肯定(過去) | She was happy. | She liked pizza. |
| 否定(過去) | She wasn’t happy. | She didn’t like pizza. |
| 疑問(過去) | Was she happy? | Did she like pizza? |
| 肯定簡答 | Yes, she is. | Yes, she does. |
| 否定簡答 | No, she isn’t. | No, she doesn’t. |
🎵 威威口訣:「be 動詞自己來,一般動詞找 do 哥!」
4-4 中文母語者最常犯的混搭錯誤
❌ 錯誤類型 1:be + 一般動詞(兩個一起出場)
He is like pizza.She was play piano yesterday.- 修正:He likes pizza. / She played piano yesterday.(不需要 be!)
❌ 錯誤類型 2:do + be 動詞(多此一舉)
She doesn’t be happy.Does he be a doctor?- 修正:She isn’t happy. / Is he a doctor?(be 動詞自己變身,不需要 do!)
💎 黃金規則:be 動詞和一般動詞永遠不會同時當主動詞**。一個句子的主動詞只能是其中一種。 例外:be + V-ing(進行式)、be + V-pp(被動式)——這時候 be 是「助動詞」不是主動詞,會在 03 時式入門 和 12 被動語態 詳解。
🎯 否定/疑問即時練習(5 題)
1. 把下列句子改成否定句: (a) He is my best friend. (b) She studies Japanese. (c) They went to Taipei last week.
2. 把下列句子改成疑問句: (a) She is reading a book. (b) You like ice cream. (c) He had dinner at 7.
3. 改錯:Does she likes spicy food?
4. Choose the correct response: “Did you finish your homework?” (A) Yes, I am. (B) No, I’m not. (C) Yes, I did. (D) Yes, I do.
5. 改錯:He doesn’t be at home now.
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:否定句改寫
(a) He is not my best friend. (= He isn’t my best friend.) — be 動詞 + not。 (b) She doesn’t study Japanese. — 一般動詞 + does(she 是三單)+ not + 原形 V (study)。 (c) They didn’t go to Taipei last week. — 過去式一般動詞 + did + not + 原形 V (go)。 💎 注意:(b) studies → study(打回原形),(c) went → go(打回原形)。
第 2 題:疑問句改寫
(a) Is she reading a book? — be 動詞(is)提到主詞前。 💎 雖然 read 是動作動詞,但這裡 is reading 是現在進行式,is 是助動詞——直接提到前面就是疑問句。 (b) Do you like ice cream? — 一般動詞 + do(you 配 do)+ 原形 V (like)。 (c) Did he have dinner at 7? — 過去式 + did + 原形 V (have)。注意 had → have(打回原形)。
第 3 題:likes → like
✅ 修正:Does she like spicy food? 解析:Does 出場後,後面的動詞要打回原形。likes → like。 💎 助動詞(do/does/did)和「主動詞」之間有「分工」——助動詞負責人稱/時態,主動詞負責動作。所以 does 已經帶了三單標記,後面動詞就不能再加 s。
第 4 題:(C) Yes, I did.
解析:問句用 Did → 答句用 did。「問什麼,答什麼」是固定規則。 ❌ (A)(B) am/’m not 是 be 動詞答法,不對應 did。 ❌ (D) do 是現在式,但問句是過去式 (did),時態不一致。 💎 簡答對應表:
問句 簡答 Is/Are/Was/Were …? Yes, S + is/are/was/were. Do/Does/Did …? Yes, S + do/does/did. Have/Has + V-pp …? Yes, S + have/has. Will/Can/Should …? Yes, S + will/can/should.
第 5 題:He isn't at home now.
✅ 修正:He isn’t at home now.(或 He is not at home now.) 解析:be 動詞自己變身,不需要 do!原句把 be 動詞和 do 混搭,是中文思考造成的錯誤。 💎 核心:句子核心動詞是 be 還是一般動詞?看主要動詞——
- “He at home” → 缺主要動詞 → 補 is(be 動詞)→ 否定 isn’t ✓
- “He likes pizza” → likes 是主動詞(一般動詞)→ 否定 doesn’t like ✓
- “He doesn’t be” → 句子的主要動詞既是 do 又是 be,邏輯衝突 ✗
五、連綴動詞 (Linking Verbs) — be 動詞的「親戚」
除了 be 動詞,還有一群「像 be 的動詞」——它們的行為跟 be 動詞一樣(後面接補語),但又不是 be 動詞。
5-1 連綴動詞家族
| 類型 | 動詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| be 動詞 | am, is, are, was, were, be, been | 是 |
| 感官五兄弟 | look (看), sound (聽), smell (聞), taste (嘗), feel (感覺) | …起來 |
| 變化派 | become, get, grow, turn, go, come | 變成/變得 |
| 保持派 | remain, keep, stay | 保持 |
| 顯得派 | seem, appear | 似乎/顯得 |
| 證明派 | prove | 證明是 |
5-2 連綴動詞的核心規則:後面接補語(形容詞 / 名詞),不是副詞!
| 正確 ✅ | 錯誤 ❌ | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| The food tastes good. | tastes | well 是副詞 |
| She looks beautiful. | looks | beautifully 是副詞 |
| The music sounds nice. | sounds | nicely 是副詞 |
| He seems angry. | seems | angrily 是副詞 |
| The leaves turned red. | turned | redly 不是字 |
| She remained silent. | remained | silently 是副詞 |
💡 威威鐵則:看到連綴動詞後面要填空,第一個動作就是把所有 -ly 結尾的詞刪掉——它們八成是副詞。
5-3 隱藏陷阱:感官動詞的「雙重身份」
感官五兄弟(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)可以是連綴動詞也可以是及物動詞,看後面接什麼!
| 動詞 | 連綴用法(後接形容詞) | 及物用法(後接受詞) |
|---|---|---|
| smell | The flower smells good.(花聞起來香) | The dog smells the food.(狗聞食物) |
| taste | The soup tastes salty.(湯嘗起來鹹) | She tasted the wine.(她嘗了酒) |
| feel | I feel cold.(我覺得冷) | She felt his forehead.(她摸他額頭) |
| look | He looks tired.(他看起來累) | Look at the moon!(看月亮) |
💎 判斷法:「連綴動詞 + 形容詞」是描述狀態,「及物動詞 + 受詞」是描述動作。 看一下中文翻譯:「…起來」是連綴;「對某物做…」是及物。
🎯 連綴動詞即時練習(5 題)
1. Fill in: (a) The cake smells ______ (delicious / deliciously). (b) She speaks ______ (clear / clearly). (c) He grew ______ (rich / richly) after years of hard work.
2. Choose the incorrect sentence: (A) The patient remained calm during the surgery. (B) Your idea sounds great. (C) She looks tiredly today. (D) The story turned tragic.
3. 改錯:The teacher feels happily about the students’ progress.
4. Identify whether “feel” is a linking verb (L) or a transitive verb (T): (a) I feel sleepy. (b) She felt the soft fabric. (c) The news feels disturbing. (d) Doctors should feel the patient’s pulse.
5. 翻譯:「這個計畫聽起來很危險。」(Use sound)
寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:
(a) delicious — smell 是連綴動詞,後面接形容詞補語。「蛋糕聞起來香」。 (b) clearly — speak 是動作動詞(一般動詞)→ 後面用副詞修飾「說的方式」。「她說得很清楚」。 (c) rich — grow 在這裡是連綴動詞(變得有錢),後面接形容詞。「他經過多年努力變有錢了」。 💎 對比 (a)(b):smell 是連綴 → 形容詞;speak 是動作 → 副詞。連綴 vs. 動作的判斷是這題核心。
第 2 題:(C)
✅ (C) 錯誤:She looks tiredly today. → 應改為 She looks tired today. 解析:look 在這裡是連綴動詞(看起來),後面要接形容詞 tired。tiredly 是副詞,不行。 💎 對比:(D) “The story turned tragic” 中 turned 是連綴動詞,tragic 是形容詞補語,正確。
第 3 題:happily → happy
✅ 修正:The teacher feels happy about the students’ progress. 解析:feel 在這裡是連綴動詞(覺得),後面接形容詞 happy。happily 是副詞「愉快地」(修飾動作)。 💎 對比:The teacher smiled happily. ✓ — smile 是動作動詞,副詞 happily 修飾「笑的方式」。
第 4 題:
(a) L — feel sleepy(覺得睏,連綴 + 形容詞補語) (b) T — felt the soft fabric(摸柔軟的布料,及物 + 受詞) (c) L — feels disturbing(聽起來令人不安,連綴 + 形容詞補語) (d) T — feel the patient’s pulse(摸病人的脈搏,及物 + 受詞) 💎 規則總結:feel + 形容詞 = 連綴;feel + 名詞 = 及物。
第 5 題:This plan sounds (very) dangerous.
✅ 結構:This plan (S) sounds (V) dangerous (C - 形容詞補語) → 第二型。 💎 sound 是連綴動詞,後面必須接形容詞(dangerous, exciting, weird, nice…)。 ❌ 錯誤寫法:This plan sounds dangerously.(dangerously 是副詞,不能當補語)
六、考試陷阱大整理
學測必考的 4 大陷阱
陷阱 1:連綴動詞後面要接什麼?
看到 taste / smell / look / sound / feel / become / grow / seem 後面有形容詞 vs. 副詞選項 → 選形容詞!
陷阱 2:be 動詞 vs. do/does 助動詞
看主動詞:
- 後面接形容詞/名詞 → 用 be 動詞
- 後面接動作(一般動詞)→ 用 do/does/did
例題:He ___ happy every day. → is(happy 是形容詞,前面要 be 動詞) 例題:He ___ to school every day. → goes(go 是動作動詞,主詞三單加 s)
陷阱 3:助動詞後面永遠接原形動詞
❌ Does she likes pizza? ❌ Did he went home? ✅ Does she like pizza? ✅ Did he go home?
陷阱 4:be + 一般動詞混搭(中文邏輯造成的錯誤)
❌ He is play tennis. / He is like pizza. ✅ He plays tennis. / He likes pizza.
💎 一個句子的主動詞只能是 be 動詞或一般動詞——不能兩個一起出場。 例外:be + V-ing(進行式)、be + V-pp(被動式)——這時 be 是助動詞,不是主動詞。
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
應試指引
30 題分三難度:基礎 (1-10) / 進階 (11-20) / 挑戰 (21-30)。 建議:基礎 5 分鐘 / 進階 10 分鐘 / 挑戰 15 分鐘 = 共 30 分鐘。先做題再對答,效果差 5 倍以上!
🟢 基礎題 (1-10):選擇 + 填空
1. I ______ a high school student. (A) am (B) is (C) are (D) be
2. She ______ to school by bus every day. (A) is (B) go (C) goes (D) does
3. They ______ at home yesterday afternoon. (A) are not (B) were not (C) is not (D) does not
4. ______ he like coffee? (A) Is (B) Does (C) Do (D) Was
5. The flowers smell ______. (A) sweetly (B) sweet (C) sweets (D) sweetness
6. We ______ play basketball on weekends. (A) am (B) does (C) do (D) is
7. My cat ______ very playful. (A) am (B) is (C) are (D) do
8. She ______ her homework right after dinner. (A) do (B) does (C) is (D) was
9. The weather ______ cold last winter. (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) did
10. ______ they your classmates? (A) Do (B) Are (C) Does (D) Is
🟡 進階題 (11-20):改錯 + 句型轉換
11. 改錯:He doesn’t likes spicy food.
12. 改錯:She is play the piano now.(提示:考慮現在進行式)
13. Choose the correct verb: “The cake ______ wonderful, and everyone ______ a slice.” (A) tastes / wants (B) taste / want (C) tastes / want (D) is taste / does want
14. 把「She studies Japanese.」改成否定句和疑問句。
15. 把「Tom and Jerry are best friends.」改成否定句和疑問句。
16. 改錯:My brother and I likes to swim in the pool.
17. Fill in with the correct verb form: “My grandmother ______ (be) 80 years old, and she still ______ (cook) for the family every day.”
18. Identify whether each verb is a linking verb (L), transitive verb (T), or intransitive verb (I): (a) She tasted the soup. (b) The soup tastes good. (c) She tastes carefully.
19. Find the error and fix it: “Did you went to the party last night?”
20. 翻譯:「他不是醫生,他是工程師。」(Use be verb in negation and affirmation)
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30):跨章節綜合
21. Choose all the correct sentences (multiple choice): (A) She is goes to the gym every day. (B) She goes to the gym every day. (C) She is going to the gym now. (D) She does goes to the gym every day.
22. 改錯:The new policy seems benefit to everyone.(提示:seems 後面要接什麼?)
23. Fill in: ”______ ______ at the meeting yesterday? — Yes, ______ ______.” (主詞用 you, 答話用 I) (請填入 4 個空格,組成完整的疑問與簡答)
24. Identify the verb pattern for each sentence: (a) The judge declared him innocent. → 第___型 (b) The detective declared the case closed. → 第___型 (c) She declared loudly that she was leaving. → 第___型 (註:declare 在不同句子中扮演不同角色)
25. Combine the two sentences using the correct verbs:
- “He is a doctor. He works at City Hospital.”
- 合併成一句,包含兩個動詞用法(be + 一般動詞)。
26. 找出下面段落中所有錯誤並改正: “My sister is study English at university. She doesn’t likes math, but she enjoys to read novels. Last weekend, she didn’t went home because she had a project.”
27. 翻譯下列三句並標明使用的動詞類型(be / 一般 / 連綴): (a) 這部電影很有趣。 (b) 我每天讀英文。 (c) 他生病了。(use 連綴動詞 fall)
28. 對話填空(注意 be 動詞和一般動詞的區別): A: ______ you tired? B: Yes, I ______. I ______ for ten hours yesterday.(提示:用 be 和 study) A: That ______ a lot!(提示:用 be 動詞表評論)
29. 找出下面句子中所有的「動詞」並標明類型: “My grandfather, who was a famous chef in Taipei, retired in 2005, but he still cooks for special occasions and feels happy when family gathers.”
30. 終極挑戰:分析下面的長句,找出主動詞並判斷其類型(be / 一般 / 連綴): “After working tirelessly for thirty years in the same factory, the loyal employee finally became the manager and remained dedicated to improving working conditions for everyone in the building.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題:(A) am
I 永遠搭配 am。完整:I am a high school student. → S+V+C 第二型。
第 2 題:(C) goes
“every day” → 現在簡單式。go 是一般動詞,She 三單 → 加 es → goes。
第 3 題:(B) were not
“yesterday afternoon” → 過去式。“at home”(介系詞片語)是狀態,不是動作 → 用 be 動詞。They 過去式用 were → 否定 were not。
第 4 題:(B) Does
like 是一般動詞 → 疑問句用 Do/Does。he 是三單 → Does。 💎 (A) Is 不行——Is 後面要接形容詞/名詞/V-ing,不能直接接原形動詞 like。
第 5 題:(B) sweet
smell 是連綴動詞,後面接形容詞補語。(A) sweetly 是副詞——刪掉。
第 6 題:(C) do
play 是一般動詞,否定要用 do/does + not。We 是複數 → do。完整:We do not (don’t) play basketball on weekends.
第 7 題:(B) is
playful 是形容詞 → 前面要 be 動詞。My cat 是三單(it)→ is。
第 8 題:(B) does
“homework” 是受詞,動作是「做作業」→ 一般動詞 do(不是 be 動詞)。She 三單 → does(do 的三單形式)。 💎 注意:這裡的 does 不是助動詞,是「做」這個動詞本身的三單形式。「做作業」= do homework(do 當主動詞)。
第 9 題:(B) was
“last winter” → 過去式。weather 不可數,當單數看待 → was。
第 10 題:(B) Are
“your classmates” 是名詞補語 → 用 be 動詞疑問句。they 用 are → 提到前面就是 Are they…?
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題:likes → like
✅ 修正:He doesn’t like spicy food. 解析:doesn’t 已經帶了三單標記(does),後面動詞要打回原形 like。
第 12 題:is play → is playing
✅ 修正:She is playing the piano now.(現在進行式) 解析:原句 “is play” 把 be 動詞和原形動詞混搭,錯誤! 兩種修法:
- 現在進行式(描述「正在彈」):is playing(be + V-ing)
- 現在簡單式(描述「會彈/經常彈」):去掉 is → “She plays the piano.” (但這樣 now 就要拿掉) 💎 看到 “now” → 八成是現在進行式 → be + V-ing!
第 13 題:(A) tastes / wants
解析:
- The cake tastes wonderful. → taste 是連綴動詞,cake 三單 → tastes。
- everyone wants a slice. → want 是一般動詞,everyone 視為三單 → wants。 💎 everyone, everybody, somebody, anyone… 全部視為單數!詳見 07 主詞動詞一致。
第 14 題:句型轉換
否定:She doesn’t study Japanese.(does + not + 原形 study) 疑問:Does she study Japanese?(Does 提前 + 原形 study) 💎 兩個變化都需要 does(she 三單)+ 動詞打回原形。
第 15 題:句型轉換
否定:Tom and Jerry are not (aren’t) best friends.(be + not) 疑問:Are Tom and Jerry best friends?(be 提到主詞前) 💎 be 動詞自己變身,不需要找 do 哥幫忙!
第 16 題:likes → like
✅ 修正:My brother and I like to swim in the pool. 解析:主詞是 “My brother and I” → 兩個人 → 複數 → 用原形動詞 like,不加 s。 💎 兩個主詞用 and 連起來 → 視為複數!
第 17 題:is / cooks
✅ 完整:My grandmother is 80 years old, and she still cooks for the family every day. 解析:
- 「80 years old」是名詞片語當補語 → 用 be 動詞 (is)。
- 「cook for the family」是動作 → 用 一般動詞 cooks(she 三單)。 💎 一個句子可以同時包含 be 動詞和一般動詞——但是在不同的子句裡!
第 18 題:
(a) T(及物)— “the soup” 是受詞,「她嘗了湯」(動作)。 (b) L(連綴)— “good” 是形容詞補語,「湯嘗起來好喝」(狀態)。 (c) I(不及物)— 沒有受詞,「她小心地嘗」(自己嘗,沒嘗什麼具體東西)。 💎 同一個動詞 taste 在三個句子裡扮演三種角色!這就是英文動詞的彈性。
第 19 題:went → go
✅ 修正:Did you go to the party last night? 解析:Did 出場後,後面動詞打回原形 (go)。went 是過去式,不能跟 did 同時出現。 💎 經典助動詞陷阱:助動詞已經帶了時態,主動詞就要回到原形——這是「分工」原則。
第 20 題:He is not a doctor; he is an engineer.
✅ 完整:He is not (isn’t) a doctor; he is an engineer. 解析:
- 「不是醫生」→ be + not → is not(否定)
- 「是工程師」→ be → is(肯定) 💎 注意冠詞:a doctor / an engineer(engineer 開頭發母音 → 用 an)。詳見 08 名詞與冠詞。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題:(B) 和 (C) 正確
(A) ❌ “is goes” → be 動詞和一般動詞混搭,錯誤! (B) ✅ She goes to the gym every day. → 一般動詞單獨使用。 (C) ✅ She is going to the gym now. → 現在進行式(be + V-ing),正確! (D) ❌ “does goes” → 助動詞 does 後面要接原形 go,不是 goes。 💎 (D) 雖然錯誤,但有個變體是對的:強調用法 “She does go to the gym every day.”(她真的每天去)—— does + 原形 V,是「強調肯定」。
第 22 題:benefit → beneficial
✅ 修正:The new policy seems beneficial to everyone. 解析:seem 是連綴動詞,後面要接形容詞。
- benefit 是名詞「利益」或動詞「使受益」——不是形容詞!
- beneficial 才是形容詞「有益的」。 💎 同類陷阱詞——
- economy(名詞)vs. economic / economical(形容詞)
- science(名詞)vs. scientific(形容詞)
- history(名詞)vs. historical(形容詞)
第 23 題:Were you at the meeting yesterday? — Yes, I was.
解析:
- “at the meeting” 是介系詞片語當補語 → 用 be 動詞。
- “yesterday” → 過去式 → were(you 配 were)。
- 簡答對應:問用 were → 答用 was(I 配 was)。 💎 「問什麼,答什麼」——問句用 were,答句用 was(不能用 did,那是一般動詞的)。
第 24 題:
(a) “The judge declared him innocent.” → 第五型 (S+V+O+C)。declare 在這裡是「宣判某人為…」,innocent 是受詞補語。be 動詞測試:He is innocent. ✓ (b) “The detective declared the case closed.” → 第五型 (S+V+O+C)。declare 是「宣布某事是…」,closed(過去分詞當形容詞)是受詞補語。be 動詞測試:The case is closed. ✓ (c) “She declared loudly that she was leaving.” → 第三型 (S+V+O)。declare 在這裡是「宣布某事」,“that she was leaving” 是名詞子句當受詞。loudly 是副詞修飾動詞。 💎 declare 同一個動詞,在三種句型中扮演三種角色——這就是英文的精彩之處。詳見 23 名詞子句。
第 25 題:例句
✅ “He is a doctor and works at City Hospital.” ✅ “He is a doctor who works at City Hospital.” 解析:兩種寫法都把 “He is a doctor” 和 “He works at City Hospital” 結合:
- 第一種:用 and 連接兩個動詞片語(is + works)。
- 第二種:用 who 變成關係子句(16 關係代名詞)。 💎 兩個句子可以共享一個主詞,但動詞各自用 be / 一般動詞,互不衝突。
第 26 題:4 個錯誤
原段:My sister is study English at university. She doesn’t likes math, but she enjoys to read novels. Last weekend, she didn’t went home because she had a project.
✅ 修正:
- is study → is studying 或 studies(be 和原形動詞不能直接連用,要嘛改成現在進行式 is studying,要嘛刪掉 is 用 studies)
- doesn’t likes → doesn’t like(doesn’t 後面打回原形)
- enjoys to read → enjoys reading(enjoy 後面只能接 V-ing)
- didn’t went → didn’t go(didn’t 後面打回原形)
完整正確版:My sister studies English at university. She doesn’t like math, but she enjoys reading novels. Last weekend, she didn’t go home because she had a project.
第 27 題:翻譯與分類
(a) “這部電影很有趣。” → The movie is interesting. → be 動詞(is + 形容詞補語,第二型)。 (b) “我每天讀英文。” → I read English every day. → 一般動詞(read 是及物動詞,第三型)。 (c) “他生病了。” → He fell sick.(用 fall 表示「變成生病」)→ 連綴動詞(fall 在這裡是連綴,sick 是形容詞補語,第二型)。 💎 fall sick / fall ill / fall asleep 是固定搭配——fall 不是「跌倒」,是「進入某種狀態」。
第 28 題:對話填空
A: Are you tired? B: Yes, I am. I studied for ten hours yesterday. A: That is (was) a lot! 解析:
- A 的問句 “tired”(形容詞)→ be 動詞 are。
- B 的簡答 “Yes, I am”(對應問句的 are)。
- “ten hours yesterday”(過去式 + 動作 study)→ studied。
- A 的評論 “a lot”(名詞片語)→ be 動詞 is(如果說現在的事實)或 was(評論過去的事實)。 💎 這題完整展示 be vs. 一般動詞的搭配——一段對話可以混用兩種動詞,但每個句子內部要清晰。
第 29 題:找出所有動詞
句子:My grandfather, who was a famous chef in Taipei, retired in 2005, but he still cooks for special occasions and feels happy when family gathers.
動詞分析:
- was → be 動詞(過去式,補語 a famous chef)
- retired → 一般動詞(不及物,第一型)
- cooks → 一般動詞(不及物,第一型;“for special occasions” 是介系詞片語)
- feels → 連綴動詞(後接形容詞 happy,第二型)
- gathers → 一般動詞(不及物,第一型)
💎 這個長句裡有 5 個動詞,3 種類型——英文長句往往這樣混搭。 💎 注意 (3):cook 在 “cook for occasions” 裡是不及物(沒受詞),但 cook 也可以及物(cook dinner)——又是雙面動詞。
第 30 題:長句分析
原句:“After working tirelessly for thirty years in the same factory, the loyal employee finally became the manager and remained dedicated to improving working conditions for everyone in the building.”
主動詞: became 和 remained
動詞類型:
- became → 連綴動詞(變成)。後接 “the manager”(名詞補語)→ The employee was the manager. ✓ → 第二型 S+V+C。
- remained → 連綴動詞(保持)。後接 “dedicated”(形容詞補語)→ The employee was dedicated. ✓ → 第二型 S+V+C。
撥開修飾語的核心結構: The loyal employee (S) became the manager (V+C) and remained dedicated (V+C).
💎 一個長句可以用兩個並列的連綴動詞,建構平行的「主詞 + 變成X + 保持Y」結構。GRE 長句閱讀就是這種拆解功夫——詳見 28 GRE文法精要。
課前快問 解答
1. 「He is happy.」改成否定句? ✅ He is not happy. (He isn’t happy.) 解析:be 動詞自己變身——直接在 is 後面加 not。
2. 「She likes pizza.」改成疑問句? ✅ Does she like pizza? 解析:一般動詞需要找 do 哥——she 三單用 Does,原句的 likes 要打回原形 like。
3. 為什麼是 good 不是 well? ✅ 因為 tastes 是連綴動詞,後面接補語(形容詞 good),不是副詞 well。 連綴動詞 + 形容詞,是鐵律!記住這條,學測連綴動詞題你都不會錯。
自我評分
| 分數(30 題) | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | be vs. 一般動詞完全內化!進入 02 代名詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習:助動詞後接原形、連綴動詞接形容詞、be 與一般動詞不混搭。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「超級對照表」(4-3 節)背熟,多練否定/疑問句的轉換。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 不要氣餒!把「兩大幫派比較表」貼在桌前,每天看 1 次,1 週後再考。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 方式 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 完整一遍 第 3 天 重做錯題 + 否定/疑問句轉換 不看解答 第 7 天 連綴動詞家族默寫 + 翻譯 5 句 主動回憶 第 14 天 找一篇英文文章,標出每個動詞的類型 實戰應用 考試前 重看「4 大陷阱」(第六節) 焦點複習
學習科學小知識:間隔重複 (Spaced Repetition)
心理學家艾賓豪斯 (Ebbinghaus) 發現:人類在學習後 24 小時內會忘掉 70%,但如果在「快忘記前」複習一次,記憶曲線會大幅延長——複習 4–5 次後,記憶幾乎可以保留終身。
這就是為什麼威威老師的複習計畫不是「天天讀」,而是「越拉越長」(1 天 → 3 天 → 1 週 → 2 週 → 1 個月)。每次都在你快要忘記的時候輕推一下,讓神經連結固化下來。
應用在這一章:be vs. 一般動詞的差異,就是中文母語者的「死穴」。一輩子寫英文都會在這裡犯錯——除非你用間隔重複徹底鎖死它。今天讀完不是結束,3 天後請回來再做一次!
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