威威老師的文法特快車:名詞與冠詞 (Nouns & Articles)

課程導航


哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。

來,回答兩個問題:

「我給你一個建議」翻成英文是 “Let me give you ____ advice.”——空格填什麼? 「我吃早餐」翻成英文是 “I eat ____ breakfast.”——要填 the 還是不填?

如果你寫了 “an advice” 或 “the breakfast”——歡迎來到台灣學生的冠詞地獄

中文沒有冠詞。我們說「給你建議」「吃早餐」就完事了。但英文有兩件事跟中文完全不同:

  1. 名詞分可數和不可數——不可數名詞不能加 a/an,也不能加 s
  2. 冠詞的存在——a/an/the 三選一,或不加(零冠詞)。

學會這兩件事,你的英文會立刻**「看起來像母語者」**——不誇張,這就是中文母語者英文的「第一道分水嶺」。

繫好安全帶 🚂


課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 07 主詞動詞一致

  1. Everyone in the class ____ (has / have) finished the homework.
  2. Neither the teacher nor the students ____ (was / were) in the classroom.
  3. The news ____ (is / are) very surprising today.

一、名詞兩大陣營:可數 vs. 不可數

英文名詞的第一條規則:判斷可不可以「個別計算」。

可數名詞 (Countable)不可數名詞 (Uncountable)
能不能數可以一個一個算無法個別計算
問法How many?How much?
單數a book, an apple, a chair❌ 不能用 a/an
複數books, apples, chairs❌ 沒有複數形
例子student, car, dog, ideawater, money, information, advice

1-1 ⚠️ 必背的不可數名詞陷阱

很多看起來「明明可以數」的字,其實不可數!這是學測必考!

類別不可數名詞常見錯誤
抽象概念information, advice, knowledge, news, evidence, research❌ an advice → ✅ a piece of advice
集合概念furniture, luggage, baggage, equipment, machinery❌ a furniture → ✅ a piece of furniture
液體/氣體water, milk, air, oil, rain, juice❌ a water → ✅ a glass of water
物質gold, paper, wood, rice, sugar, bread❌ a rice → ✅ a bowl of rice
食物(一般概念)meat, fish, cheese, butter, salt❌ a meat → ✅ some meat
學科mathematics, physics, economics(雖有 s 但單數)

🚨 必背 5 大不可數陷阱:advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage——學測愛考榜上有名!

1-2 不可數名詞怎麼計算?

用「容器 / 單位 / 一份」幫它們「裝」起來:

不可數計算方式例句
advicea piece of adviceHe gave me a piece of advice.
informationa piece / bit of informationI need a bit of information.
furniturea piece of furnitureThis room has 5 pieces of furniture.
watera glass / bottle of waterPlease get me a glass of water.
coffeea cup of coffeeI’d like two cups of coffee.
breada slice / loaf of breadShe ate two slices of bread.
papera sheet / piece of paperGive me a sheet of paper.
moneya sum / amount of moneyHe spent a large sum of money.

💡 威威白話:英文人怕「無法計算」的東西沒辦法量,所以發明各種「容器」(cup, glass, piece, bowl, slice)來幫它們算。

🎯 可數/不可數即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: I need some ______ about the train schedule. (A) informations (B) information (C) an information (D) the informations

2. Choose: She gave me ______ on how to study English. (A) an advice (B) a piece of advice (C) advices (D) the advice

3. Choose: How ______ furniture do you have in your room? (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) a few

4. 改錯:He bought three new luggages for his trip.

5. Translate: 「我想要兩杯咖啡和一片麵包。」(Use cup, slice)

寫好答案再往下看 👇

解答與詳解


二、a vs. an — 看「發音」不是「字母」!

2-1 黃金規則

🚨 a / an 的選擇基於「發音」,不是「拼字」!

規則例子
子音「音」開頭 → aa book, a university(u 念 [ju],子音音!)
母音「音」開頭 → anan apple, an hour(h 不發音,母音音!)

2-2 ⚠️ 必背陷阱對照表

發音特性冠詞例子
university開頭 [ju](子音)aa university
European開頭 [ju](子音)aa European country
one-way street開頭 [w](子音)aa one-way street
useful tool開頭 [ju](子音)aa useful tool
union開頭 [ju](子音)aa union worker
hourh 不發音 → [aʊr](母音)anan hour
honesth 不發音 → [ɑnəst](母音)anan honest man
honorh 不發音 → [ɑnər](母音)anan honor
heirh 不發音 → [ɛr](母音)anan heir
MBAM 念 [em](母音)anan MBA
FBI agentF 念 [ɛf](母音)anan FBI agent

💎 威威記法:閉上眼睛念出來——舌頭從哪個位置開始發聲?

  • 從「氣流順順流出」(母音)→ an
  • 從「氣流被擋一下」(子音)→ a

🎯 a/an 即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: She is ______ honest person. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

2. Choose: He waited for ______ hour at the station. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

3. Choose: My uncle is ______ university professor. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

4. Choose: She has ______ MBA from Harvard. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

5. Translate: 「我哥是個工程師。」(Use engineer)

寫好答案再往下看 👇

解答與詳解


三、定冠詞 the — 「我們都知道」

3-1 the 的核心邏輯

the = 「特定指明」——說話者和聽者都知道指的是哪一個。

用法例句
第二次提到I saw a dog. The dog was brown.
上下文已知Pass me the salt.(餐桌上的鹽,雙方都知道)
獨一無二the sun, the moon, the Internet, the sky
序數the first, the second, the last
最高級the best, the most beautiful, the tallest
樂器play the piano, play the guitar
特定群體(the + 形容詞)the rich, the poor, the elderly, the unemployed
國名(複數形 / 包含 republic, kingdom)the United States, the Philippines, the UK
山脈、河流、海洋the Himalayas, the Amazon, the Pacific Ocean

3-2 the 的「省略」陷阱

情境加 the不加 the
一般 vs. 特定The life of a soldier is hard.(特定的軍人生活)Life is short.(一般人生)
機構 vs. 建築物go to the school(去學校這棟建築物,可能參觀)go to school(去上學,學生身分)
同上go to the church(去教堂建築物)go to church(去做禮拜)
同上go to the hospital(去醫院辦事)go to hospital(去住院,英式)

🎯 the 即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: I bought a book and a magazine. ______ book is more interesting. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗

2. Choose: ______ Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗

3. Choose: She plays ______ piano very well. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

4. Choose: He is ______ best student in the class. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

5. Translate: 「太陽從東邊升起。」(Use sun)

寫好答案再往下看 👇

解答與詳解


四、零冠詞(不加任何冠詞)

有些情境根本不加冠詞——這也是台灣學生超常踩雷的地方!

4-1 不加冠詞的情境

情境例句中文邏輯陷阱
三餐I have breakfast at 7.❌ “I have the breakfast”
運動I play basketball after school.❌ “I play the basketball”(除非指「那顆球」)
學科I study math and science.❌ “the math, the science”
語言I speak English and Japanese.(但加 the 表「英文這個語言」也偶見)
抽象名詞(一般概念)Love is important.❌ “The love is important”(除非特定的愛)
複數可數(一般概念)Dogs are loyal.❌ “The dogs are loyal”(除非特定的狗)
不可數(一般概念)Water is essential.❌ “The water is essential”
專有名詞(人名、地名)Taiwan, Mr. Lee, Mount Everest❌ “the Taiwan”(國名單數一般不加 the)
交通工具 by +by bus, by train, by car❌ “by the bus”
節日Christmas, Easter❌ “the Christmas”
月份/星期in January, on Monday❌ “the January”

4-2 「概念性 vs. 特定性」對比

一般概念(無冠詞)特定(加 the)
Life is beautiful.(人生很美)The life of a CEO is busy.(CEO 的人生)
Music is my passion.(音樂是熱情)The music in this café is great.(這咖啡店的音樂)
Coffee keeps me awake.(咖啡讓我清醒)The coffee you made is great.(你泡的咖啡)
Books are my friends.(書是朋友)The books on this shelf are mine.(這架上的書)

🎯 判斷法: 「是泛指(一般概念)」用零冠詞;「是特定的、雙方都知道是哪個」用 the。

🎯 零冠詞即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: I usually have ______ breakfast at 7 AM. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

2. Choose: She speaks ______ Japanese fluently. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

3. Choose: ______ love is more important than money. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗

4. 改錯:He goes to the school by the bus every morning.

5. Translate: 「我喜歡音樂。」vs. 「這首音樂很好聽。」(Use music)

寫好答案再往下看 👇

解答與詳解


五、名詞的複數形

5-1 規則變化

規則單數 → 複數例子
一般+ sbook → books
s, x, ch, sh, z 結尾+ esbus → buses, box → boxes, watch → watches
子音 + yy → iescity → cities, baby → babies
母音 + y+ sboy → boys, day → days
f / fe 結尾變 vesleaf → leaves, wife → wives
o 結尾(部分)+ estomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes
o 結尾(部分)+ sphoto → photos, piano → pianos

5-2 不規則變化(必背!)

單數複數中文
manmen男人
womanwomen女人
childchildren小孩
toothteeth牙齒
footfeet
mousemice老鼠
goosegeese
personpeople
oxoxen

5-3 單複同形(特殊)

單數複數中文
sheepsheep綿羊
deerdeer鹿
fishfish(少見 fishes,指不同種類)
speciesspecies物種
seriesseries系列
meansmeans方法
aircraftaircraft飛機
salmonsalmon鮭魚

5-4 外來語複數(學測會考!)

單數複數中文
datumdata資料
mediummedia媒介/媒體
phenomenonphenomena現象
criterioncriteria標準
analysisanalyses分析
crisiscrises危機
basisbases基礎
hypothesishypotheses假設
oasisoases綠洲
cactuscacti仙人掌
nucleusnuclei
stimulusstimuli刺激

💎 學測高頻:data, media, criteria, phenomena——這幾個最常考,它們都是複數形!單數是 datum, medium, criterion, phenomenon。

🎯 複數形即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: There are five ______ in the field. (A) sheep (B) sheeps (C) sheepes (D) sheep’s

2. Choose: My ______ are tired after walking all day. (A) foots (B) feet (C) feets (D) foot

3. Choose: The ______ from the survey are very interesting. (A) data (B) datum (C) datas (D) datums

4. 改錯:The womans were waiting for the bus.

5. Translate: 「研究人員發現了三個有趣的現象。」(Use phenomenon)

寫好答案再往下看 👇

解答與詳解


六、數量詞搭配表 — 可數還是不可數?

數量詞配可數?配不可數?例句
manymany books
muchmuch water
few / a fewa few friends
little / a littlea little time
a lot of / lots ofa lot of books / a lot of water
plenty ofplenty of options / plenty of money
some / anysome books / some water
a number ofa number of students
an amount ofan amount of money
a great deal ofa great deal of effort

🎯 威威口訣:

  • many + 可數複數
  • much + 不可數
  • a lot of + 兩種都行(最安全選擇)
  • a number of(許多)+ 可數
  • an amount of(許多)+ 不可數

七、考試陷阱大整理

學測名詞冠詞考題的 6 大陷阱

陷阱 1:不可數名詞不能加 a/an / s

advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage——永遠不可數

陷阱 2:a/an 看發音不是字母

a university, an hour, an MBA!

陷阱 3:泛指 vs. 特定

Love is…(一般)vs. The love I have for you…(特定)。

陷阱 4:三餐/運動/學科/by + 交通工具 → 零冠詞

陷阱 5:外來語複數(data, media, criteria, phenomena)

陷阱 6:固定搭配(go to school vs. go to the school)


章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題

🟢 基礎題 (1-10)

1. I need some ______ about the train schedule. (A) informations (B) information (C) an information (D) the informations

2. She is ______ honest person. You can trust her. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

3. How ______ students are there in your class? (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) little

4. He goes to work by ______ bus every morning. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

5. There are three ______ on the farm. (A) sheep (B) sheeps (C) sheepes (D) a sheep

6. Choose: Mom bought ______ butter and ______ apples at the supermarket. (A) a / some (B) some / some (C) the / a (D) some / a

7. Choose: She is ______ MBA student. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗

8. Choose: ______ sun rises in ______ east. (A) ✗ / ✗ (B) The / the (C) A / an (D) The / ✗

9. Choose: I have ______ time to finish the project. (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) a few

10. Choose: My ______ have grown a lot since I last saw them. (A) child (B) childs (C) children (D) childrens


🟡 進階題 (11-20)

11. The committee couldn’t agree on the ______ for evaluating the new proposals. (A) criterion (B) criterions (C) criteria (D) criterias

12. ______ university education is becoming increasingly expensive in ______ United States. (A) A / the (B) The / ✗ (C) ✗ / the (D) An / a

13. The police gathered a large ______ of evidence at the crime scene. (A) number (B) amount (C) many (D) few

14. She gave me ______ on how to study English. (A) an advice (B) advices (C) a piece of advice (D) the advices

15. ______ Internet has changed the way we communicate. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗

16. Choose: I had ______ wonderful time at the party. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗ (提示:time 平常不可數,但加形容詞時可以加 a/an!)

17. Choose: Many ______ are migrating to other cities for better jobs. (A) people (B) peoples (C) person (D) persons

18. Choose: The hotel provides ______ for guests. (A) breakfast (B) a breakfast (C) the breakfast (D) breakfasts

19. Choose: He bought a new ______ at the furniture store. (A) furniture (B) furnitures (C) piece of furniture (D) the furniture

20. Choose: My grandfather has lost most of his ______. (A) tooth (B) tooths (C) teeth (D) teeths


🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)

21. Find errors: (a) I have an information about the meeting. (b) She gave me three advices. (c) The peoples in this town are friendly. (d) I bought a furniture for my new apartment.

22. Fill in the article (a/an/the/✗): ”___ Mount Everest is ___ highest mountain in ___ world. ___ climbers from ___ many countries try to climb it every year.”

23. Choose all correct sentences: (A) I love a music. It makes me happy. (B) I love music. It makes me happy. (C) The music in this restaurant is great. (D) Music is the universal language.

24. Translate: (a) 「我給你一個建議。」(Use a piece of advice) (b) 「太陽是個恆星。」(Use sun + star) (c) 「我每天搭公車去上學。」(Use by bus + go to school)

25. Identify the noun’s countability: (a) information — 可數 / 不可數 (b) suggestion — 可數 / 不可數 (c) homework — 可數 / 不可數 (d) idea — 可數 / 不可數 (e) news — 可數 / 不可數

26. Find errors and explain: “In a recent research, scientists discovered three new phenomenons. The data was collected from many country.”

27. Translate: (a) 「貧窮的人需要我們的幫助。」(Use the poor) (b) 「我有很多功課要做。」(Use much/a lot of + homework) (c) 「她有很多家具。」(Use furniture, since 不可數,要怎麼說「很多」?)

28. Choose all correct: (A) The Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America. (B) Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America. (C) Mount Fuji is in Japan. (D) The Mount Fuji is in Japan.

29. Fill in articles where necessary: ”___ love is ___ most powerful emotion. When you fall in ___ love, you feel happiness, fear, and excitement at ___ same time. ___ poets have written about it for ___ thousands of years.”

30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “My sister is a engineer at the multinational company. She has many informations about the marketing trends. The criterias she uses to evaluate the products are very strict. Last week, she gave me three advices on how to start a business. Although she is busy, she always finds time to play the piano and read the books.”


章末總測驗 解答與詳解

🟢 基礎題 解答


🟡 進階題 解答


🔴 挑戰題 解答


課前快問 解答

詳見前面解答區。


自我評分

分數(30 題)等級建議
27-30🏆 威威等級名詞冠詞精通!進入 09 名詞片語
22-26🥈 穩健等級重點複習:不可數名詞、a/an 發音規則、外來語複數。
16-21🥉 加油等級5 大不可數名詞背熟(advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage)。
0-15💪 再出發從可數/不可數的判斷開始,掌握「How many vs. How much」。

複習計畫

時間內容
今天全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗
第 3 天默寫 5 大不可數名詞 + 不規則複數
第 7 天寫 10 句子,混用 a/an/the/✗ 各種情境
第 14 天找 100 字英文短文,圈名詞並判斷可數/不可數、定指/泛指
考試前重看「6 大陷阱」 + 外來語複數

學習科學小知識:組塊化 (Chunking)

不可數名詞不要一個一個記,而是按語意類別打包」——這叫組塊化 (Chunking)

類別不可數名詞
抽象概念advice, information, knowledge, evidence
集合概念furniture, luggage, equipment, machinery
液體water, milk, coffee, juice
物質bread, paper, gold, wood
學科math, history, science, music

為什麼有效?因為大腦記「5 個類別」遠比記「50 個單字」容易。下次遇到新詞,你只要判斷「它屬於哪一類」就知道可不可數。

例如:advice 屬於「抽象概念」類 → 跟 information 一樣不可數 → 不能加 a/an / s。

這就是專家和初學者的差別:專家用類別記憶,初學者用單字記憶。


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