威威老師的文法特快車：感官動詞 (Sensory Verbs)
課程導航
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哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，比較這三句：
- I saw him cross the street.
- I saw him crossing the street.
- I heard the song sung in French.
中文翻譯都差不多——「我看到/聽到…」——但英文有微妙的差異：
- 第 1 句：看到他過完了馬路（看到全過程）
- 第 2 句：看到他正在過馬路（看到進行中）
- 第 3 句：聽到歌被用法文唱（聽到被動結果）
英文用 VR / V-ing / V-pp 三種形式，精確區分「看完整、正在看、看到被動」三種觀察狀態——這是中文沒有的細膩。
學測、多益、TOEFL 超愛考這三選項的判斷！學會了，你看到 see/hear/feel/watch/notice 的題目可以 5 秒鐘秒殺。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 14 使役動詞與分詞
- I had my hair ____ yesterday.（cut / cutting / to cut）
- The teacher made the students ____ the classroom.（clean / cleaning / to clean）
- I got my brother ____ me with my homework.（help / helping / to help）
解答
- cut — 頭髮被剪 (V-pp)。
- clean — make + 人 + VR。
- to help — get + 人 + to V（特例！）。
一、感官動詞家族介紹
1-1 五大感官動詞
| 感官 | 動詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 視覺 | see / watch / notice / observe | 看見／注視／注意到／觀察 |
| 聽覺 | hear / listen to | 聽見／聽著 |
| 觸覺 | feel | 感覺到 |
| 嗅覺 | smell | 聞到 |
1-2 see vs. watch vs. notice 的差別
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| see | 不費力地看到（自然接收） | I saw a bird fly by. |
| watch | 有意地注視（盯著） | I watched the movie. |
| notice | 注意到（從沒發現到發現） | I noticed she was sad. |
| observe | 觀察（仔細／科學） | Scientists observed the stars. |
💡 威威白話：
- see = 「剛好看到」
- watch = 「特意盯著」
- notice = 「忽然發現」
二、感官動詞的三大句型 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
🚨 本課核心！這 3 個句型是學測必考！
| 句型 | 結構 | 中文 | 語感 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 句型 1 | 感官 + 受詞 + VR | 看到完整動作 | 強調「事實／全過程」 |
| 句型 2 | 感官 + 受詞 + V-ing | 看到動作正在進行 | 強調「進行中／持續」 |
| 句型 3 | 感官 + 受詞 + V-pp | 看到被動結果 | 強調「被動」 |
黃金例句對比
| 句型 | 例句 | 翻譯 |
|---|---|---|
| VR | I saw him cross the street. | 我看到他過了馬路（從這頭到那頭，全程）。 |
| V-ing | I saw him crossing the street. | 我看到他正在過馬路（中途看到）。 |
| V-pp | I heard the song sung in French. | 我聽到那首歌被用法文唱。 |
🎯 三大句型概念即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I saw him ______ the room.（剛走進去） (A) enter (B) entering (C) entered (D) to enter
2. Choose: She heard the baby ______ in the next room.（持續哭著） (A) cry (B) crying (C) cried (D) to cry
3. Choose: We watched the sun ______ behind the mountain.（看完整過程） (A) set (B) setting (C) sets (D) to set
4. Choose: I felt the ground ______ during the earthquake.（地一直在震） (A) shake (B) shaking (C) shook (D) to shake
5. Choose: He saw his bike ______ by a stranger.（被偷） (A) steal (B) stealing (C) stolen (D) to steal
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) enter
✅ 「他走進房間」是完整動作 → VR。
第 2 題：(B) crying
✅ 「持續哭」→ V-ing。
第 3 題：(A) set
✅ 看完整個日落過程 → VR。 💎 (B) setting 也通，強調「正在落下」，但 watch + the sun set 較自然（看到完整一輪日落）。
第 4 題：(B) shaking
✅ 地震時地面持續震動 → V-ing。
第 5 題：(C) stolen
✅ 腳踏車是被偷的 → 被動 → V-pp。
三、VR vs. V-ing 的微妙差異
這是學測最愛挖陷阱的點！
3-1 判斷規則
| 規則 | VR | V-ing |
|---|---|---|
| 看完整 | ✅ 看到開始到結束 | ❌ |
| 看進行中 | ❌ | ✅ 正在做的片段 |
| 瞬間動作 | ✅ 短暫、明確 | ✅ 也可（強調當下） |
| 長時間動作 | ✅ 看完全程 | ✅ 強調持續性 |
3-2 對比例句
| 情境 | VR | V-ing |
|---|---|---|
| 跑完一場馬拉松 | I watched her run the marathon.（看完） | I watched her running.（看到她正在跑） |
| 房子燒掉 | I saw the house burn down.（看到全燒了） | I saw the house burning.（看到正在燒） |
| 經過時瞥見 | ❌ 不太自然 | I saw him walking past the store.（路過時瞥見） |
🎯 威威判斷口訣：「看完用 VR，進行用 V-ing」——
- 語境暗示「全過程」「完整事件」→ VR
- 語境暗示「正在進行」「路過時看到」→ V-ing
3-3 常見語境信號
| 信號 | 偏向 |
|---|---|
| from start to finish | VR（全程） |
| just now | VR（瞬間） |
| as I walked past | V-ing（路過看到） |
| for an hour | V-ing（持續觀察） |
| at that moment | VR 或 V-ing（看當下） |
🎯 VR vs. V-ing 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: As I walked past the park, I saw a boy ______ a kite. (A) fly (B) flying
2. Choose: I watched the magician ______ the entire trick from start to finish. (A) perform (B) performing
3. Choose: We watched the children ______ in the playground for half an hour. (A) play (B) playing
4. Choose: She heard her name ______ from across the hall.（瞬間聽到一聲） (A) call (B) calling
5. Choose: I saw the cat ______ across the yard just now. (A) run (B) running
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) flying
「走過公園」表示路過瞥見 → V-ing。
第 2 題：(A) perform
「from start to finish」明確指完整過程 → VR。
第 3 題：(B) playing
「for half an hour」表示持續觀察 → V-ing。
第 4 題：(A) call
「from across the hall」+ 名字被喊（瞬間）→ 偏 VR。 💎 也可用 (B) calling，但較少見。
第 5 題：(A) run
「just now」瞬間看到完整動作 → VR。
四、感官 + 物 + V-pp（被動結果）
跟使役動詞一樣的邏輯：物會被做！
4-1 結構
感官 + 物 + V-pp
↑
物會被做（被動）
4-2 黃金例句
| 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| She saw the window broken. | 窗戶被打破 → V-pp |
| I heard the song sung by children. | 歌被小孩唱 → V-pp |
| He noticed the door closed. | 門被關上 → V-pp |
| We saw the cake eaten. | 蛋糕被吃了 → V-pp |
| She watched her bike ridden away. | 腳踏車被騎走 → V-pp |
4-3 ⚠️ 例外：能「自己發出聲音」的物
有些物可以「自己」發出動作（門開、鈴響、嬰兒哭、警報響）——這時用 VR / V-ing！
| 例句 | 用 |
|---|---|
| I heard the door open / opening. | 門自己開 / 正在開 |
| I heard the bell ring. | 鈴自己響 |
| I heard the alarm sound. | 警報自己響 |
| She heard the baby cry. | 嬰兒自己哭 |
💎 但如果有 by-phrase（明顯有外力介入）→ 還是用 V-pp：
- I heard the door opened by the wind.（被風開）
🎯 感官 + 物 + V-pp 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I saw the letter ______ on the desk.（被放） (A) place (B) placing (C) placed (D) to place
2. Choose: We heard the bell ______ at noon.（鈴自己響） (A) ring (B) rang (C) rung (D) to ring
3. Choose: He noticed several mistakes ______ in the report.（被犯） (A) make (B) making (C) made (D) to make
4. Choose: I felt my hand ______ by something cold.（被碰） (A) touch (B) touching (C) touched (D) to touch
5. Choose: She heard her name ______ over the loudspeaker.（被喊） (A) call (B) calling (C) called (D) to call
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) placed
信被放置 → V-pp。
第 2 題：(A) ring
鈴自己響 → VR（不是被誰摸響的，是自己響）。
第 3 題：(C) made
錯誤被犯 → V-pp。
第 4 題：(C) touched
手被冰冷的東西碰 → V-pp（有 by-phrase 暗示外力）。
第 5 題：(C) called
名字被喊 → V-pp（over the loudspeaker 暗示有人在喊）。
五、感官動詞 vs. 使役動詞 終極對比
這兩兄弟看似很像，但有重要差別：
| 使役動詞 (have/make/let/get) | 感官動詞 (see/hear/feel/watch/notice) | |
|---|---|---|
| + 人 + VR | ✅ make him do | ✅ see him do |
| + 人 + V-ing | ❌ 通常不接 | ✅ see him doing |
| + 物 + V-pp | ✅ have it done | ✅ see it done |
| + 人 + to V | ✅ get + 人 + to V（特例） | ❌ |
🎯 最大差異：
- 使役動詞：基本不接 V-ing。
- 感官動詞：V-ing 是常見用法（強調「正在進行」）。
六、感官動詞的被動式 — 還原 to！
跟使役動詞一樣：主動 VR → 被動加 to V！
6-1 主動 vs. 被動
| 主動 | 被動 |
|---|---|
| I saw him cross the street. | He was seen to cross the street. |
| I heard her sing the song. | She was heard to sing the song. |
| We felt the ground shake. | The ground was felt to shake. |
6-2 V-ing 的被動
| 主動 | 被動 |
|---|---|
| I saw him crossing. | He was seen crossing.（V-ing 不變） |
| I heard her singing. | She was heard singing. |
🎯 規則總結：
- 主動 VR → 被動 to V（加 to）
- 主動 V-ing → 被動 V-ing（不變）
- 主動 V-pp → 被動很少見（因為 V-pp 已經是被動）
🎯 被動感官即時練習（5 題）
1. Convert to passive: “I saw him cross the street.”
2. Choose: She was heard ______ a beautiful song. (A) sing (B) to sing (C) sang (D) sung
3. Choose: The man was seen ______ the building at midnight. (A) enter (B) to enter (C) entering (D) Both B and C
4. Convert to passive: “We watched her perform on stage.”
5. Translate: 「她被聽到在唱歌。」(Use was heard + 動詞)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：He was seen to cross the street.
✅ 主動 saw + cross → 被動 was seen + to cross（還原 to）。
第 2 題：(B) to sing
主動 heard her sing → 被動 was heard to sing。
第 3 題：(D) Both B and C
✅ 兩個都對：be seen to enter（看完）/ be seen entering（看到正在進入）。
第 4 題：She was watched performing on stage.
✅ 也可說 She was watched to perform on stage.（看完整表演） 💎 watch 在實際使用中，被動式更常用 V-ing（performing）—— 比 “to perform” 自然。see / hear 兩種寫法都常見，但 watch 偏好 V-ing。
第 5 題：She was heard singing.
✅ 用 V-ing 被動（聽到她正在唱）。
七、考試陷阱大整理
學測感官動詞考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：VR vs. V-ing 的語感判斷
看到 from start to finish → VR；看到 walking past → V-ing。
陷阱 2：物 → V-pp（被動）
但「自然發聲物」（門、鈴、嬰兒）用 VR/V-ing。
陷阱 3：被動感官還原 to V
She was heard to sing.（不是 sing！）
陷阱 4：感官 vs. 使役的不同
使役不接 V-ing，感官接 V-ing 很常見！
陷阱 5：感官動詞不接 to V（特例）
❌ I saw him to run. → ✅ I saw him run / running.
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. I saw him ______ the room. (A) enter (B) entering (C) entered (D) to enter
2. She heard the baby ______ in the next room. (A) cry (B) crying (C) cried (D) to cry
3. We watched the sun ______ behind the mountain. (A) set (B) setting (C) sets (D) to set
4. I noticed a stranger ______ near the bank. (A) stand (B) standing (C) stood (D) to stand
5. He felt someone ______ his shoulder. (A) tap (B) tapping (C) tapped (D) to tap
6. I heard the door ______ loudly.（門自己關） (A) close (B) closing (C) closed (D) to close
7. She saw the letter ______ on the desk.（被放） (A) place (B) placing (C) placed (D) to place
8. We heard the bell ______ at noon.（鈴自己響） (A) ring (B) ringing (C) rang (D) to ring
9. I saw the cat ______ across the yard just now. (A) run (B) running (C) ran (D) to run
10. He felt the ground ______ during the earthquake.（持續震） (A) shake (B) shaking (C) shook (D) to shake
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. I watched the children ______ in the playground for half an hour. (A) play (B) playing (C) played (D) to play
12. She saw the car ______ into the tree. (A) crash (B) crashing (C) crashed (D) to crash
13. I heard my name ______ from behind. (A) call (B) calling (C) called (D) to call
14. We noticed the mistake ______ in the report. (A) make (B) making (C) made (D) to make
15. The teacher observed the students ______ quietly in the library. (A) read (B) reading (C) reads (D) to read
16. Convert to passive: “She heard him sing a song.”
17. Choose: He was seen ______ the building at midnight. (A) enter (B) to enter (C) entering (D) Both B and C
18. Choose: She felt the wind ______ harder, and saw the trees ______ by the storm. (A) blow / blown (B) blowing / blowing (C) blow / blowing (D) blowing / blown
19. Choose: We heard the song ______ in three different languages. (A) sing (B) singing (C) sung (D) to sing
20. 改錯：I saw him to leave the office.
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. Choose: I had the mechanic ______ my bike, then I saw him ______ it around the block. (A) fix / ride (B) fix / riding (C) fixed / ride (D) fix / ridden
22. Choose: She made her son ______ the piano, and she heard him ______ from the next room. (A) practice / playing (B) practice / play (C) practicing / playing (D) to practice / playing
23. Choose: I got my sister ______ me clean the house, and saw the floor ______ by her. (A) help / swept (B) to help / sweep (C) to help / swept (D) help / sweeping
24. Choose: The boss had the report ______ before the meeting, and noticed several errors ______ in it. (A) prepare / made (B) prepared / made (C) prepared / making (D) preparing / made
25. Choose: Don’t let the dog ______ outside; I’ve seen it ______ by stray cats before. (A) run / attacked (B) running / attacking (C) run / attacking (D) run / attacked
26. Translate three sentences: (a) 「我看到她打開窗戶。」(use see + 人 + VR) (b) 「我聽到她正在唱我喜歡的那首歌。」(use hear + 人 + V-ing) (c) 「他看到他的車被拖走了。」(use see + 物 + V-pp)
27. Find errors: (a) “I saw him to enter the room.” (b) “She heard him sang a song.” (c) “We saw the bike steal by a thief.”
28. Convert to passive: (a) “I saw the man rob the bank.” (b) “We heard her play the violin.”
29. Translate: (a) 「老師看到學生在睡覺。」(use see + V-ing) (b) 「我感覺到風在吹。」(use feel + V-ing) (c) 「我聞到食物被燒焦了。」(use smell + V-pp)
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “As I walked into the kitchen, I saw my brother to cook dinner. I heard the rice boil in the pot, and I noticed the chicken fry in oil. Then I saw the smoke rose from the pan—the chicken was burned by the heat! I quickly made him to turn off the stove and got him helped me clean up.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(A) enter
「走進房間」完整動作 → VR。
第 2 題：(B) crying
持續哭 → V-ing。
第 3 題：(A) set
看完整個日落 → VR。
第 4 題：(B) standing
持續站著 → V-ing。
第 5 題：(A) tap
瞬間拍肩 → VR。
第 6 題：(A) close
門自己關，發出聲音 → VR。
第 7 題：(C) placed
信被放 → V-pp。
第 8 題：(A) ring
鈴自己響 → VR。
第 9 題：(A) run
just now 瞬間動作 → VR。
第 10 題：(B) shaking
地震時持續震動 → V-ing。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題：(B) playing
for half an hour 持續觀察 → V-ing。
第 12 題：(A) crash
完整撞擊事件 → VR。
第 13 題：(C) called
名字被喊 → V-pp。
第 14 題：(C) made
錯誤被犯 → V-pp。
第 15 題：(B) reading
觀察持續閱讀 → V-ing。
第 16 題：He was heard to sing a song.
主動 sing → 被動 to sing（還原 to）。
第 17 題：(D) Both B and C
被動感官 to enter（全過程）/ entering（進行中）都可。
第 18 題：(D) blowing / blown
風持續吹 → blowing；樹被吹倒 → blown。
第 19 題：(C) sung
歌被唱（in 3 languages）→ V-pp。
第 20 題：to leave → leave
✅ 修正：I saw him leave the office.（感官 + 人 + VR，不加 to）
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：(B) fix / riding
had + 人 + VR (fix)；saw + 人 + V-ing (riding)。
第 22 題：(A) practice / playing
made + 人 + VR (practice)；heard + 人 + V-ing (playing)。
第 23 題：(C) to help / swept
got + 人 + to V (to help)；saw + 物 + V-pp (swept)。
第 24 題：(B) prepared / made
had + 物 + V-pp (prepared)；noticed + 物 + V-pp (made)。
第 25 題：(D) run / attacked
let + 受詞 + VR (run)；saw + 物 + V-pp (attacked)。
第 26 題：翻譯
(a) I saw her open the window.（VR 完整動作） (b) I heard her singing my favorite song.（V-ing 進行） (c) He saw his car towed away.（V-pp 被動）
第 27 題：找錯
(a) “to enter” → enter（感官 + 人 + VR） (b) “sang” → sing 或 singing（感官後不接過去式，要 VR/V-ing） (c) “steal” → stolen（物被偷 → V-pp）
第 28 題：被動
(a) The man was seen to rob the bank.（主動 rob → 被動加 to） (b) She was heard to play the violin.（主動 play → 被動加 to）
第 29 題：翻譯
(a) The teacher saw the students sleeping. (b) I felt the wind blowing. (c) I smelled the food burnt / burning.
第 30 題：完整修正
原段：As I walked into the kitchen, I saw my brother to cook dinner. I heard the rice boil in the pot, and I noticed the chicken fry in oil. Then I saw the smoke rose from the pan—the chicken was burned by the heat! I quickly made him to turn off the stove and got him helped me clean up.
✅ 修正版： “As I walked into the kitchen, I saw my brother cooking dinner. I heard the rice boiling in the pot, and I noticed the chicken frying in oil. Then I saw the smoke rise / rising from the pan—the chicken was burnt / burned by the heat! I quickly made him turn off the stove and got him to help me clean up.”
修正了 6 處：
- to cook → cooking（感官 + 人 + 進行中 → V-ing；不加 to）
- boil → boiling（持續沸騰）
- fry → frying（持續煎）
- rose → rise / rising（VR 或 V-ing；rose 是過去式不能直接用）
- made him to turn → made him turn（make + 人 + VR，不加 to）
- got him helped → got him to help（get + 人 + to V）
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 感官動詞精通！進入 16 關係代名詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：VR vs. V-ing 語感、物 → V-pp、被動還原 to。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「3 大句型」+「使役 vs. 感官對比表」背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從「物會被做 → V-pp」基本邏輯開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 重做 VR vs. V-ing 語感題 第 7 天 用 see/hear/feel 各造 3 句（VR/V-ing/V-pp 各一） 第 14 天 找 1 段英文影集字幕，圈感官動詞句 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」 + 解題 SOP
學習科學小知識：交替練習 (Interleaving)
把「使役」和「感官」混合練習，比一次只練一種效果好 40%。
為什麼？因為兩者語感相近（都接 + 受詞 + 動詞形式），混合練習逼你每題都重新判斷——「這是使役還是感官？受詞是人還是物？看完還是看進行？」這個判斷動作本身就是學習。
應用：本講義第 21-30 題都是混合題——多做幾遍，反射動作就建立了。
上一篇： 14 使役動詞與分詞 下一篇： 16 關係代名詞 相關主題： 12 被動語態 | 22 分詞構句