威威老師的文法特快車：使役動詞與分詞 (Causative Verbs & Participles)
課程導航
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哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，看一個經典學測題：
“Ada and her friends had larger, safer houses ____ for their families.” (A) build (B) building (C) built (D) to build
如果你直覺選了 (A) build——你錯了。
正確答案是 (C) built。為什麼？因為房子不會自己蓋——它是被蓋的！
英文有一群「狡猾的動詞」叫做使役動詞 (Causative Verbs)——它們不自己做事，而是叫別人做。最經典的就是 have / make / let / get。
這四個字在學測、多益、TOEFL 出現的頻率超高——而且最愛挖陷阱，把「主動/被動」混在一起考你！
今天威威老師帶你拆解這 4 兄弟，加上**「物會被做」的核心邏輯**——學會後，這類題目你會 3 秒鐘秒殺。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 13 不定詞與動名詞
- I want ____ a doctor.（be / being / to be）
- She enjoys ____ movies on weekends.（watch / watching / to watch）
- Remember ____ the door before you leave.（lock / locking / to lock）
解答
- to be — want + to V。
- watching — enjoy + V-ing。
- to lock — remember + to V（記得要做，還沒鎖）。
一、什麼是「使役動詞」？
使役動詞 (Causative Verbs) = 「叫／請／讓／使某人或某事去做某動作」。
💡 威威核心比喻：使役動詞是「幕後大老闆」——它不自己動手，而是指揮別人做事。
四大使役動詞：
| 動詞 | 中文 | 語氣 |
|---|---|---|
| have | 請、讓、（有外力幫忙）使 | 中性、客觀 |
| make | 強迫、使 | 強制 |
| let | 允許、讓 | 允許 |
| get | 設法讓、使 | 較客氣 |
二、Have — 「請別人做」或「東西被做」
2-1 兩種公式
| 公式 | 受詞類型 | 動詞形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have + 人 + VR | 人（會主動做） | 原形動詞 | I had the mechanic fix my car. |
| Have + 物 + V-pp | 物（被處理） | 過去分詞 | I had my car fixed. |
2-2 ⭐ 核心邏輯：物會被處理！
人 → 主動做事 → 用 VR
物 → 被做 → 用 V-pp
| 例句 | 分析 |
|---|---|
| She had her hair cut. | 頭髮被剪 → V-pp |
| He had his car repaired. | 車子被修 → V-pp |
| I had the photo taken. | 照片被拍 → V-pp |
| The boss had his secretary send the email. | 秘書（人）會主動寄 → VR |
| Mom had me clean my room. | 我（人）會主動打掃 → VR |
🚨 判斷神技：「主詞有沒有親自做事？沒有 → 物被做 → V-pp」
🎯 Have 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I had my hair ______ yesterday. (A) cut (B) cutting (C) to cut (D) cuts
2. Choose: She had the gardener ______ the lawn. (A) mow (B) mowing (C) mowed (D) to mow
3. Translate: 「我去洗車了。」(Use have + car + V-pp)
4. 改錯：He had his bike repair at the shop.
5. Choose: With the money they earned, they had a new house ______ for their family. (A) build (B) building (C) built (D) to build
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) cut
✅ Had + my hair (物) + cut (V-pp，cut 三態同形)。
第 2 題：(A) mow
✅ Had + the gardener (人) + mow (VR)。園丁主動修剪。
第 3 題：I had my car washed.
✅ Had + my car (物) + washed (V-pp)。車子被洗。
第 4 題：repair → repaired
✅ 修正：He had his bike repaired.（腳踏車被修 → V-pp）
第 5 題：(C) built
✅ 房子被蓋 → V-pp built。 💎 這是學測經典題！
三、Make — 「強迫」做某事
3-1 兩種公式
| 公式 | 受詞類型 | 動詞形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Make + 人 + VR | 人 | 原形動詞 | The teacher made the students clean the room. |
| Make + 受詞 + V-pp / adj. | 物/抽象結果 | V-pp / 形容詞 | She made herself understood.（讓自己被理解 = 講清楚） |
3-2 ⚠️ 被動使役：be made to V！
主動 make + O + VR → 被動 be made + to V！
| 主動 | 被動 |
|---|---|
| The teacher made him clean the room. | He was made to clean the room. |
| The boss made me work late. | I was made to work late. |
🎯 威威口訣：「主動省 to，被動還 to！」
🎯 Make 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: The mother made her son ______ his vegetables. (A) eat (B) ate (C) eating (D) to eat
2. Convert to passive: “The teacher made us write an essay.”
3. Choose: She made herself ______ in three languages. (A) understand (B) understanding (C) understood (D) to understand
4. Translate: 「老師被迫離職。」(Use was made to)
5. 改錯：The coach made the players to run 10 laps.
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) eat
Make + 人 (son) + VR (eat)。
第 2 題：We were made to write an essay.
✅ 主動 made us write → 被動 were made to write（還原 to）。
第 3 題：(C) understood
✅ make herself understood = 讓自己被理解（被動，因為 herself 不會「主動理解」）。
第 4 題：The teacher was made to leave (the job).
第 5 題：to run → run
✅ 修正：The coach made the players run 10 laps.（主動 make + 人 + VR，不加 to）。
四、Let — 「允許」做某事
4-1 公式（簡單）
| 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| Let + 受詞 + VR | Don’t let the dog run out. |
🚨 Let 通常不接 V-pp！如果要表達「被允許」，用 be allowed to V 代替。
| 主動 | 被動（用 be allowed to） |
|---|---|
| The teacher let me leave early. | I was allowed to leave early. |
💎 特殊片語：let alone（更別說…）—— “He can’t even tie his shoes, let alone drive a car.”（他連繫鞋帶都不會，更別說開車。）
🎯 Let 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: My mom won’t let me ______ out tonight. (A) go (B) going (C) to go (D) gone
2. Translate: 「讓我幫你。」(Use let)
3. Convert: “She let me use her car.” → 用 was allowed to 改寫。
4. 改錯：Let me to introduce myself.
5. Choose: He doesn’t let his children ______ video games on weekdays. (A) play (B) to play (C) playing (D) played
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) go
Let + me + VR。
第 2 題：Let me help you.
第 3 題：I was allowed to use her car.
let 沒有被動，用 be allowed to 替代。
第 4 題：to introduce → introduce
✅ Let me introduce myself.（不加 to）
第 5 題：(A) play
Let + 人 + VR。
五、Get — 「叛徒」！要加 to！
5-1 兩種公式
| 公式 | 受詞類型 | 動詞形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Get + 人 + to V ⚠️ | 人 | to + 原形 | I got my brother to help me. |
| Get + 物 + V-pp | 物 | 過去分詞 | I got my wallet stolen. |
🚨 **Get 是叛徒！**其他 3 個（have, make, let）+ 人時都用 VR，只有 get 要加 to！
5-2 對比四兄弟
| 主動「叫人做」 | 公式 |
|---|---|
| have + 人 + VR | I had him fix it. |
| make + 人 + VR | I made him fix it. |
| let + 人 + VR | I let him fix it. |
| get + 人 + to V | I got him to fix it. ⚠️ |
🎵 威威口訣：「Have/Make/Let 都直接，Get 要加 to 比較客氣」
5-3 Get 的延伸用法
| 結構 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get + 物 + V-pp | 被…（物） | I got my hair cut. |
| get + V-pp（無受詞） | 變得（狀態） | I got tired. / I got married. |
🎯 Get 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: I got my brother ______ me with my homework. (A) help (B) helping (C) to help (D) helped
2. Choose: He got his wallet ______ on the bus. (A) steal (B) stealing (C) stolen (D) to steal
3. Translate: 「我說服他借我錢。」(Use get + 人 + to V)
4. 改錯：I got the mechanic fix my car.
5. Choose: She got her photo ______ at the studio. (A) take (B) taking (C) to take (D) taken
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) to help
Get + 人 + to V！
第 2 題：(C) stolen
Get + 物 (wallet) + V-pp (stolen)。
第 3 題：I got him to lend me money.
Get + 人 + to V。
第 4 題：fix → to fix
✅ 修正：I got the mechanic to fix my car.
第 5 題：(D) taken
Get + 物 (photo) + V-pp (taken)。
六、四兄弟總對比表
| 動詞 | + 人（主動） | + 物（被動） | 被動形式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | have + 人 + VR | have + 物 + V-pp | 不常見 |
| make | make + 人 + VR | make + 物 + V-pp / adj. | be made to V |
| let | let + 人 + VR | （極少用） | be allowed to V（替代） |
| get | get + 人 + to V ⚠️ | get + 物 + V-pp | be gotten to V（少見） |
解題 SOP（背起來！）
看到 have/make/let/get + 受詞 + ?
↓
Step 1：受詞是「人」還是「物」？
├── 物 → 99% 用 V-pp（物會被做）
└── 人 → Step 2
Step 2：哪個動詞？
├── have / make / let → VR（原形）
└── get → to V（特例）
🎯 四兄弟綜合即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: She had her car ______ and got her brother ______ her with the gardening. (A) wash / help (B) washed / help (C) washed / to help (D) wash / to help
2. Choose: The teacher made the students ______ and let them ______ during the break. (A) work / play (B) working / playing (C) to work / to play (D) work / to play
3. Translate: 「她請我替她打字一份報告，並讓她哥哥校對。」(Use have + me + type / get + brother + to proofread)
4. Find errors: (a) “I had the picture take by a photographer.” (b) “She got her son clean his room.” (c) “Let me to help you.” (d) “The boss made him to work overtime.”
5. Choose: With the prize money, they had a new playground ______ for the kids and got a famous artist ______ the walls. (A) build / paint (B) built / paint (C) built / to paint (D) build / to paint
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) washed / to help
✅ had her car (物) + washed (V-pp)。 ✅ got her brother (人) + to help（get 要加 to！）。
第 2 題：(A) work / play
✅ made students + work（VR）。let them + play（VR）。
第 3 題：She had me type a report and got her brother to proofread it.
✅ had + me + type（VR）。got + her brother + to proofread（要加 to）。
第 4 題：4 個都錯
(a) “take” → taken（物被拍） (b) “clean” → to clean（get 要加 to） (c) “to help” → help（let + VR） (d) “to work” → work（make + VR）
第 5 題：(C) built / to paint
✅ had + a new playground (物) + built (V-pp)。 ✅ got + a famous artist (人) + to paint（要加 to）。
七、考試陷阱大整理
學測使役動詞考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：have/make/let + 物 → V-pp
物會被做，不會自己做！
陷阱 2：get + 人 → to V（特例！）
其他三個都用 VR，只有 get 要加 to。
陷阱 3：被動 make → be made to V
主動省 to，被動還 to！
陷阱 4：let 沒有被動
用 be allowed to V 代替。
陷阱 5：have + 物 + V-pp 是「請人幫忙」不是「擁有」
“I had my car fixed.” = 我（找人）修了車（不是「我擁有一輛被修的車」）。
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. I had my hair ______ yesterday. (A) cut (B) cutting (C) to cut (D) cuts
2. The teacher made the students ______ the classroom. (A) clean (B) cleaning (C) cleaned (D) to clean
3. I will get my brother ______ me with my homework. (A) help (B) helping (C) to help (D) helped
4. She had her car ______ at the garage. (A) repair (B) repairing (C) repaired (D) to repair
5. Don’t let the dog ______ out. (A) run (B) running (C) ran (D) to run
6. We had the photos ______ by a professional photographer. (A) take (B) taking (C) taken (D) took
7. The boss had his secretary ______ the email immediately. (A) send (B) sent (C) sending (D) to send
8. He got his wallet ______ on the bus. (A) steal (B) stealing (C) stolen (D) to steal
9. Mom let me ______ TV after dinner. (A) watch (B) to watch (C) watching (D) watched
10. With the money, Ada had larger houses ______ for her family. (A) build (B) building (C) built (D) to build
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. I had the broken window ______ before winter came. (A) fix (B) fixing (C) fixed (D) to fix
12. With the extra money, they had a new house ______ for their parents. (A) build (B) building (C) built (D) to build
13. Convert to passive: “The teacher made us write an essay.”
14. Choose: He was made ______ apologize to the class. (A) to (B) for (C) at (D) ✗
15. Choose: She got her son ______ his room before she let him ______ outside. (A) clean / play (B) to clean / play (C) to clean / to play (D) cleaning / playing
16. 改錯：I got the mechanic fix my car last week.
17. Choose: The boss had a new policy ______ to improve productivity. (A) implement (B) implementing (C) implemented (D) to implement
18. Choose: She had her dress ______ for the wedding. (A) make (B) made (C) making (D) to make
19. 改錯：Let me to explain the rules.
20. Convert: “She let me drive her car.” → 用被動形式 (用 was allowed to)。
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. Translate three sentences: (a) 「我請我兒子替我跑腿。」(Use have + 人 + VR) (b) 「她讓門被打開了。」(Use have + 物 + V-pp) (c) 「我們得到一個專家來訓練我們。」(Use get + 人 + to V)
22. Find errors in: (a) “He had his computer fix yesterday.” (b) “She got her hair cutting at the salon.” (c) “The teacher made the students to copy the homework.” (d) “Let me to help you with that.”
23. Choose all correct: (A) She had her phone repaired. (B) She had her phone repair. (C) She got her phone to be repaired. (D) She got her phone repaired.
24. Distinguish: (a) “I had him paint my house.” vs. “I had my house painted.” (b) “She made him cry.” vs. “She made herself understood.”
25. Translate: (a) 「她請廚師為她準備一頓特別的晚餐。」(Use have + 廚師 + VR) (b) 「他們在 1985 年蓋了那棟大樓。」(Use have + 大樓 + V-pp) (c) 「這位老師讓學生都很有信心。」(Use make + students + adj.)
26. Choose: The criminal ______ confess to his crime. (A) made to (B) was made to (C) was made (D) made
27. Translate using passive causative: (a) 「他被迫加班。」(was made to + work) (b) 「她被允許提早離開。」(was allowed to + leave)
28. Find the error and fix: “The professor have the students to write a 10-page essay every week.”
29. Translate: (a) 「我把車子送修。」(Use have + car + V-pp) (b) 「她被理髮師剪了一個漂亮的髮型。」(Use have/get + a beautiful haircut) (c) 「他要我做一份報告。」(Use have + me + VR)
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “Last week, my brother had his computer repair. He got the technician fix it for $200. The technician was made work overtime. After that, my brother let me to use the computer to do my homework. I had the homework finish by Friday and got my mom to help me check it.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(A) cut
頭髮被剪。cut 三態同形。
第 2 題：(A) clean
Make + 人 + VR。
第 3 題：(C) to help
Get + 人 + to V！
第 4 題：(C) repaired
車子被修。
第 5 題：(A) run
Let + 受詞 + VR。
第 6 題：(C) taken
照片被拍。
第 7 題：(A) send
Had + 秘書（人）+ VR。
第 8 題：(C) stolen
Got + 錢包（物）+ V-pp。
第 9 題：(A) watch
Let + me + VR。
第 10 題：(C) built
房子被蓋。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題：(C) fixed
窗戶被修。
第 12 題：(C) built
房子被蓋。
第 13 題：We were made to write an essay.
主動 made us write → 被動 were made to write（還原 to）。
第 14 題：(A) to
被動使役 → was made to apologize。
第 15 題：(B) to clean / play
Get + 人 + to V (to clean)；Let + 人 + VR (play)。
第 16 題：fix → to fix
✅ 修正：I got the mechanic to fix my car.
第 17 題：(C) implemented
Had + 政策（物）+ V-pp。政策被實施。
第 18 題：(B) made
Had + 洋裝（物）+ V-pp。洋裝被做。
第 19 題：to → ✗
✅ 修正：Let me explain the rules.（let + me + VR，不加 to）
第 20 題：I was allowed to drive her car.
let 沒有被動 → 用 be allowed to。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：翻譯
(a) I had my son run an errand for me. (b) She had the door opened. (c) We got an expert to train us.
第 22 題：4 個錯誤
(a) “fix” → fixed（電腦被修） (b) “cutting” → cut（頭髮被剪，cut 三態同形） (c) “to copy” → copy（make + 人 + VR） (d) “to help” → help（let + 人 + VR）
第 23 題：(A) 和 (D) 正確
(A) ✓ had + 物 + V-pp（標準） (B) ✗ had + 物 + 原形（不對） (C) ✗ get 後接物用 V-pp，不用 to be V-pp (D) ✓ got + 物 + V-pp（標準）
第 24 題：意思區辨
(a) “I had him paint my house.” = 我請他來幫我油漆房子（「他」會主動油漆） “I had my house painted.” = 我請人來油漆我的房子（房子被油漆） 兩句結果類似，但焦點不同——一個強調「找誰來做」，一個強調「東西被處理」。 (b) “She made him cry.” = 她讓他哭了（make + 人 + VR） “She made herself understood.” = 她讓自己被理解（make + 受詞 + V-pp，被動意味）
第 25 題：翻譯
(a) She had the chef prepare a special dinner for her. (b) They had the building constructed in 1985. (c) The teacher made the students very confident.（make + O + adj. = 第五型 S+V+O+C，受詞補語）
第 26 題：(B) was made to
被動使役 was made + to V。
第 27 題：翻譯
(a) He was made to work overtime. (b) She was allowed to leave early.
第 28 題：have → has；to write → write
✅ 修正：The professor has the students write a 10-page essay every week. 解析：The professor 三單 → has；have + 人 + VR（不加 to）。
第 29 題：翻譯
(a) I had my car repaired. (b) She had/got a beautiful haircut.（也可說 had her hair cut beautifully） (c) He had me write a report.
第 30 題：完整修正
原段：Last week, my brother had his computer repair. He got the technician fix it for $200. The technician was made work overtime. After that, my brother let me to use the computer. I had the homework finish by Friday and got my mom to help me check it.
✅ 修正版： “Last week, my brother had his computer repaired. He got the technician to fix it for $200. The technician was made to work overtime. After that, my brother let me use the computer. I had the homework finished by Friday and got my mom to help me check it.”
修正了 5 處：
- had his computer repair → repaired（電腦被修，V-pp）
- got the technician fix → to fix（get + 人 + to V）
- was made work → was made to work（被動還原 to）
- let me to use → let me use（let + 人 + VR）
- had the homework finish → finished（功課被完成，V-pp）
💎 注意：got my mom to help 是正確的（get + 人 + to V），不需修改。
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 使役動詞精通！進入 15 感官動詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：物 → V-pp、Get + 人 + to V、被動還原 to。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「四兄弟總對比表」（第六節）背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從「物會被做」這個邏輯開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫四兄弟對比表 第 7 天 寫 5 句生活情境（剪頭髮、修車、洗衣、拍照、修電腦） 第 14 天 找 1 篇英文文章，圈出所有使役動詞句 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」 + 解題 SOP
學習科學小知識：提取練習 (Retrieval Practice)
看講義一百次，不如自己默寫一次。把「使役四兄弟對比表」蓋住，自己拿張紙默寫一遍——光是「努力回想」這個動作，記憶效果就比被動閱讀好 3 倍。
神經科學研究 (Karpicke & Roediger, 2008) 證實：主動提取比重複輸入更鞏固長期記憶。
應用：今天讀完後，蓋上講義，憑記憶寫下：
- have + 人 + ___；have + 物 + ___
- make + 人 + ___（被動 + ___）
- let + 受詞 + ___
- get + 人 + ___；get + 物 + ___
寫不出來？再讀一次。讀完再寫一次。這個「忘記-想起」的循環就是最強學習法。
上一篇： 13 不定詞與動名詞 下一篇： 15 感官動詞 相關主題： 12 被動語態 | 09 名詞片語 | 22 分詞構句