威威老師的文法特快車：名詞子句 (Noun Clauses)
課程導航
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哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，看下面這個句子：
“That he passed the exam surprised everyone.”
「That he passed the exam」是什麼？看似一段話，整體卻是「主詞」——是的，整段話被當作一個名詞！
這就是名詞子句 (Noun Clause)——把一個完整的句子「打包」成一個名詞用。
名詞子句是學測閱讀和寫作的「長句基石」——句子越長越複雜，名詞子句出現的頻率越高！
今天威威老師帶你拆解：
- that / whether / if / 各種 wh- 疑問詞引導的名詞子句
- 學測必考的 It is…that… 虛主詞句型
- 神級陷阱：What vs. That 的差別
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 22 分詞構句
- ____, the teacher entered the classroom.（Having finished his coffee / Finished his coffee）
- ____ in Taiwan, she speaks perfect Mandarin.（Bearing and raising / Born and raised）
- The girl ____ at the door is my sister.（stands / standing）
解答
- Having finished his coffee — 完成式分詞構句。
- Born and raised — 被動分詞（被生、被養）。
- standing — 分詞修飾。
一、什麼是名詞子句？
名詞子句 (Noun Clause) = 一個完整的子句（有主詞 + 動詞），但整體當名詞用。
💡 威威核心比喻：「打包好的箱子」—— 子句外面貼上「名詞」標籤，不管箱子裡面多複雜，外面看就是一個名詞。
名詞子句的 4 大功能
| 功能 | 說明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主詞 | 名詞子句當主詞 | That he passed surprised us. |
| 受詞 | 名詞子句當受詞 | I know what he wants. |
| 補語 | 名詞子句當主詞補語 | The truth is that he lied. |
| 同位語 | 名詞子句補充說明前面的名詞 | The fact that he lied is clear. |
二、that 引導的名詞子句
2-1 結構
that + S + V
💎 that 沒有實質意思——只負責把子句「打包」成名詞。
2-2 四種功能
| 功能 | 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主詞 | That he passed the exam surprised everyone. | that 子句當主詞 |
| 受詞 | I believe that he is honest. | that 子句當受詞 |
| 補語 | The problem is that we lack money. | that 子句當補語 |
| 同位語 | The fact that he lied is clear. | that 子句補充說明 fact |
2-3 ⭐ It is…that… 虛主詞句型（學測必考！）
「That + S + V」當主詞時頭重腳輕——常用 It 改寫：
| 原句（頭重腳輕） | 改寫（用 It） |
|---|---|
| That he passed surprised everyone. | It surprised everyone that he passed. |
| That you came is wonderful. | It is wonderful that you came. |
常見句型：
- It is + adj + that + 子句（important / necessary / true / clear）
- It is + N + that + 子句（a pity / a shame / a fact / no wonder）
- It seems / appears that + 子句
2-4 that 的省略規則
| 位置 | 能否省略 |
|---|---|
| 當受詞 | ✓ 可省 |
| 當主詞 | ✗ 不可省 |
| 當補語 | 通常不省 |
| 同位語 | 通常不省 |
🚨 特別注意：兩個 that 子句並列時，第二個 that 不能省！ ✅ I believe that he is honest and that he is kind.
🎯 that 名詞子句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ he passed the exam surprised all of us. (A) What (B) That (C) Which (D) Whether
2. Choose: It is essential ______ everyone attends the meeting. (A) that (B) what (C) which (D) how
3. Translate: 「他考試失敗真是可惜。」(Use It is a pity that)
4. Choose: The news ______ our team won excited everyone. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) when
5. 改錯：I believe that he is honest and he is kind.（兩個 that 子句並列）
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) That
That + 子句當主詞。
第 2 題：(A) that
It is + adj + that 子句（虛主詞句型）。
第 3 題：It is a pity that he failed the exam.
第 4 題：(C) that
同位語 that 子句（補充說明 news）。
第 5 題：缺第二個 that
✅ I believe that he is honest and that he is kind.
三、whether / if 引導的名詞子句 — 「是否」
3-1 結構
whether/if + S + V（是否）
3-2 ⚠️ whether vs. if 的差別
| 比較 | whether | if |
|---|---|---|
| 句首當主詞 | ✓ | ✗ |
| 介系詞後 | ✓ | ✗ |
| whether to V（不定詞） | ✓ | ✗ |
| 搭配 or not | ✓ whether or not | ✗ if or not（少用） |
| 當受詞 | ✓ | ✓ |
| 正式程度 | 較正式 | 較口語 |
3-3 例句
| 例句 | 解析 |
|---|---|
| Whether he comes is unknown. | 句首當主詞 → 只能 whether |
| I’m worried about whether she will pass. | 介系詞 about 後 → 只能 whether |
| I don’t know whether to go or stay. | + 不定詞 → 只能 whether |
| I wonder whether or not he is right. | + or not → whether |
| I don’t know if/whether he likes it. | 當受詞 → 兩者皆可 |
🎯 whether/if 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ he will come is still unknown. (A) That (B) If (C) Whether (D) What
2. Choose: I’m worried about ______ she can pass the test. (A) that (B) if (C) whether (D) what
3. Choose: He couldn’t decide ______ to accept the job. (A) that (B) what (C) whether (D) which
4. Translate: 「我想知道他是否在說謊。」(Use whether or not)
5. Choose: I don’t know ______ he will come.（受詞，最自然） (A) that (B) what (C) if/whether (D) which
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) Whether
句首主詞 → 只能 whether。
第 2 題：(C) whether
介系詞 about 後 → 只能 whether。
第 3 題：(C) whether
- 不定詞 → 只能 whether。
第 4 題：I wonder whether or not he is lying.
第 5 題：(C) if/whether
當受詞 → 兩個都可以。
四、Wh- 疑問詞引導的名詞子句 — 不倒裝！
4-1 結構
what / who / whom / whose / where / when / why / how + S + V
4-2 ⚠️ 黃金規則：名詞子句不倒裝！
直接問句要倒裝，但名詞子句後面用肯定句語序！
| 直接問句（倒裝） | 名詞子句（不倒裝） |
|---|---|
| Where does she live? | I know where she lives. |
| What did he say? | Tell me what he said. |
| When will they arrive? | I wonder when they will arrive. |
| Who is she? | Do you know who she is? |
| How did he do it? | Can you explain how he did it? |
| Why are you crying? | I don’t know why you are crying. |
4-3 黃金例句
- I know what he wants.
- Can you tell me where she lives?
- I don’t remember when they arrived.
- Nobody knows why he quit.
- Please explain how this works.
- I wonder who broke the window.
🎯 Wh- 名詞子句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: Can you tell me ______? (A) where does he live (B) where he lives (C) where he does live (D) where did he live
2. Choose: I don’t know ______. (A) what does he want (B) what he wants (C) does he want what (D) he wants what
3. 改錯：Tell me when will the meeting start.
4. Choose: I wonder ______. (A) why is she sad (B) why she is sad (C) why does she sad (D) why she does sad
5. Translate: 「我不知道他為什麼離開。」(Use why + 不倒裝)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) where he lives
名詞子句不倒裝。
第 2 題：(B) what he wants
不倒裝。
第 3 題：will the meeting → the meeting will
✅ Tell me when the meeting will start.（不倒裝）
第 4 題：(B) why she is sad
不倒裝。
第 5 題：I don't know why he left.
五、What 的特殊用法 — 自帶先行詞
5-1 What = the thing(s) that
What 自帶「先行詞」——前面不需要名詞！
What he said made me angry.
^^^ = the thing that
= The thing that he said made me angry.
5-2 黃金例句
| 句子 | 還原 |
|---|---|
| What he said made me angry. | The thing that he said… |
| What you need is more practice. | The thing that you need… |
| I don’t understand what he means. | the thing that he means |
| This is what I want. | the thing that I want |
5-3 What 的慣用片語
| 片語 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| what is more | 更何況 | He is smart, and what is more, he works hard. |
| what is worse | 更糟的是 | It was raining, and what is worse, I forgot my umbrella. |
| what with…and… | 因為…又… | What with the rain and the cold, we stayed home. |
5-4 What + 名詞
| 例句 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| I don’t know what time it is. | what + 名詞 |
| Can you tell me what color she likes? | what + 名詞 |
| What kind of music do you like? | what + 名詞 |
🎯 What 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ she said at the meeting made the boss angry. (A) That (B) What (C) Which (D) Whether
2. Choose: ______ doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. (A) That (B) What (C) Which (D) Who
3. 改錯：The thing what I want is freedom.
4. Choose: I don’t know ______ time the train leaves. (A) that (B) which (C) what (D) how
5. Translate: 「我不知道你在說什麼。」(Use what + 不倒裝)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) What
what 子句當主詞（= the thing that she said）。
第 2 題：(B) What
句首 + 自帶先行詞 → What。
第 3 題：what → that 或刪 the thing
✅ The thing that I want / What I want is freedom.
第 4 題：(C) what
what + 名詞 (time)。
第 5 題：I don't know what you are talking about.
六、It 句型 — 虛主詞 + that 子句
6-1 常見 It 句型
| 句型 | 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| It is + adj + that | It is necessary that we leave now. | 我們現在離開是必要的 |
| It is + N + that | It is a pity that he failed. | 他失敗真是可惜 |
| It seems that | It seems that nobody knows. | 似乎沒人知道 |
| It appears that | It appears that they have left. | 看起來他們已經走了 |
| It happens that | It happens that I know him. | 碰巧我認識他 |
| It turns out that | It turns out that he was lying. | 結果他在說謊 |
| It is no wonder that | It is no wonder that she is tired. | 難怪她累了 |
6-2 常用形容詞 / 名詞
| 形容詞 | important, necessary, essential, possible, true, clear, obvious, likely, unlikely |
|---|---|
| 名詞 | a pity, a shame, a fact, a wonder, no wonder, a miracle |
🎯 It 句型即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ is no wonder that she is so tired. (A) That (B) What (C) It (D) This
2. Translate: 「你準時到很重要。」(Use It is important that)
3. Choose: It turns out ______ the suspect had an alibi. (A) what (B) that (C) which (D) whether
4. Choose: It is essential ______ every member arrives on time. (A) that (B) what (C) when (D) how
5. Translate: 「似乎沒人知道答案。」(Use It seems that)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) It
虛主詞 It。
第 2 題：It is important that you arrive on time.
第 3 題：(B) that
It turns out that + 子句。
第 4 題：(A) that
It is essential that + 子句（注意：that 子句中動詞用原形 — 假設語氣，詳見 18 假設語氣）。
第 5 題：It seems that nobody knows the answer.
七、3 種子句辨別 — 名詞子句 vs. 名詞片語 vs. 形容詞子句
| 比較項目 | 名詞子句 | 名詞片語 | 形容詞子句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 結構 | that/wh- + S + V | to V / V-ing / N | 關代 + S + V |
| 功能 | 當名詞 | 當名詞 | 當形容詞，修飾名詞 |
| 引導詞 | that, whether, what… | （無） | who, which, that, where… |
| 例句 | I know that he is right. | I enjoy reading books. | The man who came is my uncle. |
辨識技巧
| 句子 | 子句類型 |
|---|---|
| I know that he is honest. | 名詞子句（that 子句當受詞） |
| The fact that he is honest is well known. | 同位語名詞子句 |
| The man that is talking to Mary is my teacher. | 形容詞子句（that 子句修飾 the man） |
💡 關鍵：that 後面的子句是「補充說明」前面的名詞 → 同位語；是「修飾」前面的名詞（who/which 都可以替換）→ 形容詞子句。
八、考試陷阱大整理
學測名詞子句考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：that vs. whether vs. if
「是否」→ whether/if；事實陳述 → that。 句首/介系詞後/+ 不定詞 → 只能 whether。
陷阱 2：Wh- 名詞子句不倒裝！
❌ I know where does she live. ✅ I know where she lives.
陷阱 3：It is + adj + that 子句
學測必考虛主詞句型！
陷阱 4：What vs. The thing that
What 自帶先行詞 → 不能再加 the thing！
陷阱 5：兩個 that 子句並列 → 第二個 that 不能省
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. ______ he passed the exam surprised all of us. (A) What (B) That (C) Which (D) Whether
2. I don’t know ______ she will come to the party. (A) that (B) what (C) whether (D) which
3. Can you tell me ______? (A) where does he live (B) where he lives (C) where he does live (D) where did he live
4. ______ is a pity that he failed the test. (A) He (B) That (C) It (D) What
5. The news ______ our team won the championship excited everyone. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) when
6. I have no idea ______ he is talking about. (A) that (B) what (C) which (D) how
7. ______ she said at the meeting made the boss very angry. (A) That (B) What (C) Which (D) Whether
8. It is essential ______ everyone attends the meeting tomorrow. (A) that (B) what (C) which (D) how
9. I wonder ______ or not he will accept the offer. (A) that (B) if (C) whether (D) what
10. Do you know ______ time the train leaves? (A) that (B) which (C) what (D) how
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. ______ the earth is round is a fact known to all. (A) That (B) What (C) Which (D) How
12. The teacher asked me ______. (A) whom did I give the book to (B) to whom did I give the book (C) whom I gave the book to (D) I gave the book to whom
13. It turns out ______ the suspect had an alibi. (A) what (B) that (C) which (D) whether
14. ______ is still a mystery ______ the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. (A) It / how (B) It / what (C) That / how (D) What / that
15. He couldn’t decide ______ to accept the job offer. (A) that (B) what (C) whether (D) which
16. The fact ______ he has been lying to us is now undeniable. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) how
17. ______ with one’s own eyes is more convincing than hearsay. (A) What one sees (B) That one sees (C) Which one sees (D) One sees what
18. I don’t care about ______ or not you like the plan. (A) that (B) if (C) whether (D) what
19. It is no wonder ______ she is so tired. (A) that (B) what (C) which (D) whether
20. ______ he survived the accident is nothing short of a miracle. (A) What (B) That (C) Which (D) How
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. The detective wanted to know ______. (A) where had the suspect gone (B) where the suspect had gone (C) where the suspect has gone (D) where did the suspect go
22. It is clear ______ he is not interested, but ______ we should do remains unclear. (A) that / what (B) what / that (C) which / what (D) that / which
23. Scientists are debating about ______ there is life on other planets. (A) that (B) whether (C) what (D) which
24. Choose the correct sentence: (A) I believe that he is honest and he is kind. (B) I believe that he is honest and that he is kind. (C) I believe he is honest and that he is kind. (D) I believe that he is honest and he is kind that.
25. ______ is a shame ______ he didn’t get the chance to say goodbye. (A) It / that (B) That / that (C) What / that (D) It / what
26. Translate three sentences: (a) 「我相信他是無辜的。」(Use believe + that) (b) 「他在哪裡，沒人知道。」(Use Where + 不倒裝) (c) 「重要的是，你準時到。」(Use It is important that)
27. Find errors: (a) “I don’t know where does she live.” (b) “If he will come is still unknown.” (c) “The thing what I want is freedom.” (d) “I believe that he is smart and he is kind.”（兩 that 子句並列）
28. Choose: ______ remains a mystery ______ caused the explosion. (A) It / what (B) What / that (C) That / what (D) It / that
29. Translate: (a) 「她說的話讓我感動。」(Use What + 不倒裝) (b) 「他考試失敗真是可惜。」(Use It is a pity that) (c) 「我想知道他是否會來。」(Use whether)
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “I don’t know where does she live. The thing what I want is to know if he is honest. It is necessary you arrive on time. I’m worried about if he can pass. He couldn’t decide if to go or stay. Tell me when will the meeting start.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(B) That
名詞子句當主詞 → That。
第 2 題：(C) whether
「是否」→ whether（也可 if，但選項只有 whether）。
第 3 題：(B) where he lives
名詞子句不倒裝。
第 4 題：(C) It
虛主詞 It。
第 5 題：(C) that
同位語 that（補充說明 news）。
第 6 題：(B) what
「他在說什麼」→ what。
第 7 題：(B) What
句首主詞 + 內容 → What = the thing that。
第 8 題：(A) that
It is essential that + 子句。
第 9 題：(C) whether
whether or not（固定搭配）。
第 10 題：(C) what
what time（什麼時間）。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題：(A) That
名詞子句當主詞，事實陳述。
第 12 題：(C) whom I gave the book to
名詞子句不倒裝！
第 13 題：(B) that
It turns out that + 子句。
第 14 題：(A) It / how
虛主詞 It + how 引導名詞子句。
第 15 題：(C) whether
whether to V（不能用 if）。
第 16 題：(C) that
同位語 that 子句。
第 17 題：(A) What one sees
What 自帶先行詞當主詞。
第 18 題：(C) whether
介系詞 about 後 → 只能 whether。
第 19 題：(A) that
It is no wonder that + 子句。
第 20 題：(B) That
事實陳述 → That。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：(B) where the suspect had gone
不倒裝 + 過去完成（更早）。
第 22 題：(A) that / what
It is clear that + 子句；what we should do（= the thing that）。
第 23 題：(B) whether
介系詞 about 後 → whether。
第 24 題：(B)
兩個 that 子句並列，第二個 that 不能省。
第 25 題：(A) It / that
It is a shame that + 子句。
第 26 題：翻譯
(a) I believe that he is innocent. (b) Where he is, nobody knows.（或 Nobody knows where he is.） (c) It is important that you arrive on time.
第 27 題：找錯
(a) does she → she does 或刪 does：where she lives（不倒裝） (b) If → Whether（句首主詞 → whether） (c) what → that 或刪 the thing (d) 加第二個 that：that he is smart and that he is kind
第 28 題：(A) It / what
It 虛主詞 + what 引導名詞子句（什麼造成爆炸）。
第 29 題：翻譯
(a) What she said moved me. (b) It is a pity that he failed the exam. (c) I wonder whether he will come.
第 30 題：完整修正
原段：I don’t know where does she live. The thing what I want is to know if he is honest. It is necessary you arrive on time. I’m worried about if he can pass. He couldn’t decide if to go or stay. Tell me when will the meeting start.
✅ 修正版： “I don’t know where she lives. What I want is to know whether he is honest. It is necessary that you arrive on time. I’m worried about whether he can pass. He couldn’t decide whether to go or stay. Tell me when the meeting will start.”
修正了 6 處：
- where does she → where she lives（不倒裝）
- The thing what → What（重複先行詞）
- 加 that 在 necessary 後（虛主詞句型）
- about if → about whether（介系詞後）
- decide if to → decide whether to（+ 不定詞）
- when will the meeting → when the meeting will（不倒裝）
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 名詞子句精通！進入 24 副詞子句與連接詞。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：whether vs. if、Wh- 不倒裝、It 句型。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「4 大功能」+ 「5 大陷阱」背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從「子句當名詞」基本概念開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫 4 大功能 + whether/if 規則 第 7 天 寫 5 個 It 句型句子（It is + adj + that） 第 14 天 找 1 段 GRE 閱讀，圈所有名詞子句 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」 + 不倒裝規則
學習科學小知識：提取練習 (Retrieval Practice)
不要只是「看懂」這些規則。蓋住例句，自己造句——這是主動回憶的力量！
研究顯示：主動回憶比被動閱讀的記憶效果好 50% 以上。每次你「想不起來」然後又想起來的時候，記憶就在加深。
應用：今天讀完後，蓋住講義——憑記憶寫下：
- 4 種名詞子句功能
- whether vs. if 的差別
- It is + adj + that 例句一個
- What 名詞子句例句一個
- 名詞子句不倒裝的範例
寫不出來？再讀一次。讀完再寫——這個忘記-想起的循環是最強學習法。
上一篇： 22 分詞構句 下一篇： 24 副詞子句與連接詞 相關主題： 09 名詞片語 | 16 關係代名詞