威威老師的複習站：國二下學期統整
JH Grade 8 Semester 2 Review 適合對象：國二下學期學生（補救教學軌道）
暖身小測驗（Pre-Quiz）
先來看看你還記得上學期的東西嗎？試著寫寫看，不用怕寫錯！
- Tom is ______ (tall) than his brother.
- You ______ (should / must) finish your homework before playing.
- I want ______ (go) to the park this weekend.
- She can ______ (swim) very fast.
- This book is ______ (interesting) than that one.
暖身解答
- taller — 比較級 tall + er
- should / must 都可以 — should 比較客氣「應該」、must 比較強「必須」
- to go — want to + V
- swim — can 後面接原形動詞
- more interesting — 多音節形容詞用 more + 形容詞
Section 1：現在完成式入門 (Present Perfect Basic)
什麼是現在完成式？
現在完成式是用來連接「過去」和「現在」的時態。 它說的是：過去發生的事，跟現在有關係。
公式
| 肯定句 | I / You / We / They | He / She / It |
|---|---|---|
| have / has + 過去分詞 (V-pp) | I have eaten lunch. | She has eaten lunch. |
| 否定句 | I / You / We / They | He / She / It |
|---|---|---|
| have not (haven’t) + V-pp | I haven’t eaten lunch. | She hasn’t eaten lunch. |
| 疑問句 | Have + S + V-pp? | Has + S + V-pp? |
|---|---|---|
| Have you eaten lunch? | Has she eaten lunch? |
用法 1：經驗 —「我做過…」
用來說你曾經做過或沒做過某件事。
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I have been to Japan. | 我去過日本。 |
| She has never eaten sushi. | 她從沒吃過壽司。 |
| Have you ever seen a whale? | 你曾經看過鯨魚嗎？ |
| They have visited the museum. | 他們去過那間博物館。 |
| He has read this book three times. | 這本書他讀過三次了。 |
重點：我們不說具體時間，只說「做過/沒做過」。
用法 2：完成 —「已經…」
用來說某件事已經做完了。
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I have finished my homework. | 我已經寫完功課了。 |
| She has already left. | 她已經離開了。 |
| Have you done the dishes yet? | 你洗碗了沒？ |
| We have just arrived. | 我們剛到。 |
| He hasn’t finished yet. | 他還沒完成。 |
用法 3：從過持到現在 —「已經…了」
用來說一個狀態從過去一直持續到現在。
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I have lived here for 5 years. | 我住在這裡五年了。 |
| She has studied English since 2020. | 她從2020年就開始學英文了。 |
| We have known each other for a long time. | 我們認識很久了。 |
| He has been sick since Monday. | 他從星期一就生病了。 |
| They have waited for two hours. | 他們已經等了兩個小時。 |
信號字 (Signal Words)
看到這些字，就要想到用現在完成式！
| 信號字 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| already | 已經（肯定句） | I have already seen it. |
| yet | 還沒（否定/疑問） | Have you finished yet? |
| just | 剛剛 | She has just left. |
| ever | 曾經（疑問句） | Have you ever been abroad? |
| never | 從不 | I have never tried that. |
| for + 時間 | 持續多久 | for 3 years / for 2 days |
| since + 時間點 | 從什麼時候開始 | since 2020 / since last Monday |
比較：過去簡單式 vs. 現在完成式
這是很多同學搞混的地方！
| 過去簡單式 | 現在完成式 | |
|---|---|---|
| 時間 | 明確的過去時間 | 不說具體時間 |
| 重點 | 過去發生的事 | 過去的事跟現在有關 |
| 例句 | I went to Japan last year. | I have been to Japan. |
| 中文 | 我去年去了日本。 | 我去過日本。 |
| 例句 | She ate lunch at noon. | She has eaten lunch. |
| 中文 | 她中午吃了午餐。 | 她已經吃過午餐了。 |
關鍵判斷法：
- 有明確時間（yesterday, last week, in 2020, at 3:00） → 過去式
- 沒有明確時間，強調經驗或已完成 → 現在完成式
常見過去分詞 (V-pp) 表
| 原形 (V) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 (V-pp) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been | 是/在 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| see | saw | seen | 看 |
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| take | took | taken | 拿/帶 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
| read | read | read | 讀 |
| make | made | made | 做/製造 |
| come | came | come | 來 |
| know | knew | known | 知道/認識 |
| think | thought | thought | 想 |
注意：有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞長一樣（make-made-made, think-thought-thought）！
Section 2：被動語態入門 (Passive Voice Basic)
什麼是被動語態？
先想一個簡單的概念：
| 主動 (Active) | 被動 (Passive) |
|---|---|
| The dog bit the man.（狗咬人） | The man was bitten by the dog.（人被狗咬） |
| Tom wrote the letter.（Tom 寫了信） | The letter was written by Tom.（信被 Tom 寫的） |
| They clean the room.（他們打掃房間） | The room is cleaned by them.（房間被打掃） |
重點轉換：
- 主動句的重點在「做的人」
- 被動句的重點在「被做的事」或「承受的人/物」
公式
be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp)
就這麼簡單！不同的時間，用不同的 be 動詞：
| 時間 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在 | is/am/are + V-pp | English is spoken in many countries. |
| 過去 | was/were + V-pp | The window was broken yesterday. |
現在被動式例句
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| English is spoken all over the world. | 英語在全世界被使用。 |
| The classroom is cleaned every day. | 教室每天被打掃。 |
| Rice is grown in Taiwan. | 稻米在台灣被種植。 |
| These shoes are made in China. | 這些鞋子是中國製造的。 |
| The homework is assigned by the teacher. | 功課是老師派的。 |
過去被動式例句
| 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| The car was invented in 1886. | 汽車在1886年被發明。 |
| The letter was written by Mary. | 信是 Mary 寫的。 |
| The window was broken last night. | 窗戶昨晚被打破了。 |
| The game was canceled because of the rain. | 比賽因為下雨被取消了。 |
| They were invited to the party. | 他們被邀請參加派對。 |
主動 → 被動 轉換練習
| 步驟 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| 1. 找出受詞（被作用的東西） | The dog bit the man. |
| 2. 受詞變主詞 | The man was… |
| 3. 動詞變 be + V-pp | The man was bitten… |
| 4. 原來的主詞放後面用 by | The man was bitten by the dog. |
Section 3：關係代名詞入門 (Relative Pronouns Basic)
什麼是關係代名詞？
關係代名詞的作用很簡單：用一個句子來形容一個名詞。
平常我們用形容詞形容名詞：
- The tall girl is my sister.（那個高個子女生是我妹妹）
但如果要用一個完整的句子來形容呢？
- The girl who is singing is my sister.（那個正在唱歌的女生是我妹妹）
who is singing 就是一個「關係子句 (Relative Clause)」，功能跟形容詞一樣！
三個關係代名詞
| 關係代名詞 | 用在… | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| who | 人 | The man who is tall is my dad. |
| which | 物/動物 | The book which is on the desk is mine. |
| that | 人或物都可以 | The man that is tall is my dad. / The book that is on the desk is mine. |
that 是萬用角色，可以代替 who 或 which！
例句與結構拆解
例句 1
The girl who is singing is my sister. 那個正在唱歌的女生是我妹妹。
| 拆解 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| The girl | 主要子句的主詞（被形容的名詞） |
| who | 關係代名詞（代替 the girl） |
| is singing | 關係子句的動詞 |
| is my sister | 主要子句的動詞 + 補語 |
例句 2
The book which is on the desk is mine. 在書桌上的那本書是我的。
| 拆解 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| The book | 主要子句的主詞 |
| which | 關係代名詞（代替 the book） |
| is on the desk | 關係子句（形容書在哪裡） |
| is mine | 主要子句的動詞 + 補語 |
例句 3
The boy that plays basketball every day is my classmate. 每天打籃球的那個男生是我的同學。
例句 4
I know a woman who speaks five languages. 我認識一個會說五種語言的女士。
例句 5
The movie which we watched yesterday was great. 我們昨天看的那部電影很棒。
選 who / which / that？
| 先行詞（被形容的名詞） | 用哪個？ |
|---|---|
| 人 | who 或 that |
| 物/動物 | which 或 that |
| 人 + 物 | 只能用 that |
例：The man and the dog that I saw were cute.
Section 4：模擬考
模擬考說明
共 25 題，認真寫完後再對答案！ 每題 4 分，總分 100 分。
Part A：現在完成式（8 題）
A1. I ______ to Japan three times. (a) go (b) went (c) have gone (d) have been
A2. She ______ her homework yet. (a) hasn’t finished (b) didn’t finish (c) doesn’t finish (d) won’t finish
A3. ______ you ever ______ sushi? (a) Do / eat (b) Did / eat (c) Have / eaten (d) Are / eating
A4. They ______ here since 2019. (a) live (b) lived (c) are living (d) have lived
A5. He has ______ finished his project. (a) yet (b) already (c) never (d) since
A6. We have known each other ______ ten years. (a) since (b) for (c) already (d) yet
A7. I ______ this movie yesterday. (a) have seen (b) saw (c) see (d) have saw
A8. My mom ______ in this city for 20 years. (a) has lived (b) lived (c) is living (d) lives
Part B：被動語態（7 題）
B1. The letter ______ by Tom yesterday. (a) wrote (b) is written (c) was written (d) writes
B2. Chinese ______ in Taiwan. (a) speaks (b) is spoken (c) spoke (d) is speaking
B3. The window ______ last night. (a) breaks (b) broke (c) is broken (d) was broken
B4. These cars ______ in Japan. (a) are made (b) made (c) make (d) are making
B5. The cake ______ by my mom. (a) bakes (b) was baked (c) baked (d) is baking
B6. The homework ______ by every student. (a) must be finished (b) must finish (c) finishes (d) finishing
B7. The museum ______ in 1990. (a) builds (b) built (c) was built (d) is built
Part C：關係代名詞（5 題）
C1. The girl ______ is standing there is my sister. (a) which (b) who (c) what (d) where
C2. The book ______ is on the table is mine. (a) who (b) whom (c) which (d) where
C3. I like the movie ______ we watched last night. (a) who (b) which (c) what (d) when
C4. The man ______ lives next door is a doctor. (a) which (b) who (c) where (d) what
C5. This is the best gift ______ I have ever received. (a) who (b) which (c) that (d) what
Part D：綜合翻譯（5 題）
D1. 我已經吃過午餐了。
D2. 這封信是昨天寫的。
D3. 那個正在跑步的男生是我的朋友。
D4. 我去過美國兩次。
D5. 這些蘋果是在市場買的。
威威解析（Answer Key）
Part A 解析
A1. (d) have been
- 關鍵詞「three times」表示經驗 → 用現在完成式
- 「去過」用 have been to，不是 have gone to
- have gone to = 已經去了（還在那裡）
- have been to = 去過（已經回來了）
A2. (a) hasn’t finished
- 關鍵詞「yet」→ 現在完成式的信號字
- yet 用於否定句和疑問句，放在句尾
A3. (c) Have / eaten
- 關鍵詞「ever」→ 現在完成式
- 疑問句結構：Have + S + V-pp?
- eat 的過去分詞是 eaten
A4. (d) have lived
- 關鍵詞「since 2019」→ 從2019年到現在，用現在完成式
- since + 時間點 = 從那時候開始
A5. (b) already
- 肯定句中用 already（已經）
- yet 用於否定/疑問句
- never 和語意不合（已經完成 vs 從沒完成）
A6. (b) for
- for + 一段時間（ten years）
- since + 時間點（since 2019）
- 對比記憶：for +「多久」、since +「何時」
A7. (b) saw
- 關鍵詞「yesterday」→ 明確的過去時間 → 過去簡單式
- 有明確時間就不用現在完成式！
- 這題是陷阱題，要注意！
A8. (a) has lived
- 關鍵詞「for 20 years」→ 持續一段時間 → 現在完成式
- 主詞 My mom 是第三人稱單數 → 用 has
Part B 解析
B1. (c) was written
- 關鍵詞「yesterday」→ 過去時間
- 被動語態：was/were + V-pp
- write 的過去分詞是 written
- 信是被寫的 → 被動
B2. (b) is spoken
- 敘述一般事實 → 現在式
- 中文不是自己說話，是「被說」→ 被動
- is + spoken
B3. (d) was broken
- 關鍵詞「last night」→ 過去時間
- 窗戶是被打破的 → 被動
- was + broken
B4. (a) are made
- 敘述事實 → 現在式
- 車子是被製造的 → 被動
- 這些車子是複數 → are made
B5. (b) was baked
- 蛋糕是被烤的 → 被動
- 沒有明確時間，但語境是過去的事 → was baked
- 也可以用 is baked 如果是指常態
B6. (a) must be finished
- 功課必須被完成 → 被動
- must + be + V-pp（含情態助動詞的被動）
- 每個學生是被要求完成的
B7. (c) was built
- 關鍵詞「in 1990」→ 過去時間
- 博物館是被建造的 → 被動
- was + built
Part C 解析
C1. (b) who
- 先行詞是 the girl（人）→ 用 who
- who is standing there 形容 the girl
C2. (c) which
- 先行詞是 the book（物）→ 用 which
- which is on the table 形容 the book
C3. (b) which
- 先行詞是 the movie（物）→ 用 which
- which we watched last night 形容 the movie
- 也可以用 that
C4. (b) who
- 先行詞是 the man（人）→ 用 who
- who lives next door 形容 the man
C5. (c) that
- 先行詞是 the best gift（有最高級 the best）→ 只能用 that
- 文法規則：先行詞有最高級修飾時，關係代名詞用 that
Part D 解析
D1. I have eaten lunch. / I have already eaten lunch.
- 「已經」→ 現在完成式
- eat → eaten
- 可加 already 強調
D2. The letter was written yesterday. / This letter was written yesterday.
- 「是…寫的」→ 被動語態
- 昨天寫的 → 過去被動
- write → written
D3. The boy who is running is my friend.
- 「那個正在跑步的男生」→ 用關係子句形容
- 男生（人）→ who
- is running 是正在跑步
D4. I have been to the US twice. / I have been to America twice.
- 「去過」→ have been to
- 兩次 → twice
- 注意：是 been，不是 gone
D5. These apples were bought at the market. / These apples were bought in the market.
- 「是在市場買的」→ 被動語態
- 蘋果是被買的 → were bought
- at the market 在市場
自我評量表 (Self-Assessment)
| 主題 | 答對題數 | 得分率 | 掌握程度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 現在完成式 (A1-A8) | ___ / 8 | ___% | 再接再厲 |
| 被動語態 (B1-B7) | ___ / 7 | ___% | 再接再厲 |
| 關係代名詞 (C1-C5) | ___ / 5 | ___% | 再接再厲 |
| 綜合翻譯 (D1-D5) | ___ / 5 | ___% | 再接再厲 |
| 總分 | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 80-100 | 太棒了！ | 你已經掌握國二下的核心文法！ |
| 60-79 | 不錯！ | 針對錯的題型回去多練習 |
| 40-59 | 加油！ | 把每個 Section 重新讀一遍，特別注意解析 |
| 0-39 | 別氣餒！ | 慢慢來，一個一個 Section 搞懂就好 |
複習計畫 (Review Schedule)
科學複習法
研究顯示，間隔複習 (Spaced Repetition) 比一次性死記硬背有效得多。 不要一天念完就不管了，按照下面的時間表複習，效果最好！
| 時間 | 做什麼 |
|---|---|
| 今天 | 訂正所有錯的題目，把解析讀懂 |
| 3天後 | 重寫錯的題目（不看答案） |
| 1週後 | 把整份講義從頭快速看一遍 |
| 2週後 | 只看自己做錯的部分 |
學習小技巧
每次複習的時候，試著用自己的話解釋給自己聽。 如果你能把「現在完成式」和「過去式」的差別解釋清楚，就表示你真的懂了！ 這叫做「費曼學習法 (Feynman Technique)」——教別人（或假裝教別人）是最好的學習方式。
導航
| 連結 | |
|---|---|
| 上一篇 | R13 國二上學期統整 |
| 下一篇 | R15 國三統整 |
威威老師相信你，一步一步來，你一定可以的！