威威老師的寫作教室：段落寫作 (Paragraph Writing)
導航
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Section 1：段落結構
1.1 段落的三大部分
一個完整的英文段落 (Paragraph) 包含三個部分：
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│ Topic Sentence（主旨句） │ ← 點出段落主題
├─────────────────────────────────┤
│ Supporting Sentences（支持句） │ ← 用細節、例子、理由展開
│ - Supporting Detail 1 │
│ - Supporting Detail 2 │
│ - Supporting Detail 3 │
├─────────────────────────────────┤
│ Concluding Sentence（結論句） │ ← 總結或重申主旨
└─────────────────────────────────┘
1.2 Topic Sentence（主旨句）
功能： 告訴讀者這段話要談什麼。
好的主旨句特徵：
- 包含一個明確的觀點或態度
- 不太寬泛，也不太狹窄
- 能被後面的支持句展開
範例比較：
| 主旨句 | 評價 |
|---|---|
| Dogs are animals. | 太寬泛，無法展開 |
| My dog Rex likes to play fetch with a red ball every afternoon at 3 PM. | 太狹窄，已是細節 |
| Keeping a dog as a pet has many benefits for people of all ages. | 恰當，可展開 |
1.3 Supporting Sentences（支持句）
功能： 用具體的細節、例子、理由來支持主旨句。
常見的支持方式：
| 方式 | 說明 | 信號詞 |
|---|---|---|
| 舉例 | 提供具體例子 | for example, for instance, such as |
| 列舉 | 列出要點 | first, second, furthermore, in addition |
| 因果 | 解釋原因或結果 | because, therefore, as a result |
| 比較 | 比較異同 | similarly, in contrast, on the other hand |
| 引用 | 引用權威或研究 | according to, research shows |
1.4 Concluding Sentence（結論句）
功能： 總結段落要點，或重申主旨。
常見的結論句開頭：
- In conclusion, …
- Therefore, …
- All in all, …
- As a result, …
- Clearly, …
- These examples show that …
1.5 完整段落範例
(Topic Sentence) Keeping a dog as a pet has many benefits for people of all ages. (Supporting 1 — Physical) First, dog owners tend to be more physically active because they need to walk their dogs every day. Studies have shown that people who walk dogs get an average of 30 minutes more exercise per day than those who do not. (Supporting 2 — Emotional) Second, dogs provide emotional support and companionship, which can help reduce feelings of loneliness and anxiety. (Supporting 3 — Social) Furthermore, walking a dog can increase social interaction, as dog owners often meet and talk with other people in parks. (Concluding) Clearly, the benefits of having a dog extend far beyond simple companionship.
Section 2：Writing Exercises with Model Paragraphs
Exercise 1：My Favorite Season
題目： Write a paragraph about your favorite season. Include a topic sentence, at least three supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. (80-120 words)
寫作提示：
- 主旨句：我最喜歡的季節是秋天
- 支持句 1：天氣舒適
- 支持句 2：楓葉很美
- 支持句 3：可以享受秋天的食物
Model Answer:
Of all the seasons, autumn is by far my favorite. The first reason is the comfortable weather. Unlike the sweltering heat of summer or the biting cold of winter, autumn brings cool breezes and mild temperatures that make spending time outdoors a pleasure. In addition, the scenery during autumn is absolutely breathtaking. The leaves on the trees change from green to brilliant shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a colorful landscape that looks like a painting. Finally, autumn is the season of delicious food. From roasted sweet potatoes to pumpkin-flavored desserts, there are so many treats to enjoy. For these reasons, I always look forward to the arrival of autumn every year. (122 words)
段落分析：
- Topic Sentence: “Of all the seasons, autumn is by far my favorite.”
- Supporting 1: “The first reason is the comfortable weather.” (+ details)
- Supporting 2: “In addition, the scenery during autumn is absolutely breathtaking.” (+ details)
- Supporting 3: “Finally, autumn is the season of delicious food.” (+ details)
- Concluding: “For these reasons, I always look forward to the arrival of autumn every year.”
Exercise 2：The Importance of Learning English
題目： Write a paragraph explaining why learning English is important. Include specific reasons and examples. (100-140 words)
寫作提示：
- 主旨句：英文是當今世界最重要的語言
- 支持句 1：國際溝通
- 支持句 2：學術和研究
- 支持句 3：職業發展
Model Answer:
In today’s globalized world, learning English is more important than ever before. The most obvious reason is that English is the international language of communication. Whether you are traveling abroad, doing business with foreign partners, or making friends from other countries, English is the tool that allows you to connect with people from different cultures. Furthermore, English is the dominant language of academia and scientific research. The vast majority of academic papers, research findings, and educational resources are published in English, which means that proficiency in the language gives students access to a wealth of knowledge. Finally, English skills are increasingly essential for career advancement. Many multinational companies require employees who can communicate effectively in English, and job applicants with strong English abilities often have a significant advantage. Without a doubt, investing time in learning English is one of the smartest decisions a person can make. (153 words)
段落分析：
- Topic Sentence: “In today’s globalized world, learning English is more important than ever before.”
- Supporting 1 (Communication): “The most obvious reason is that English is the international language of communication.”
- Supporting 2 (Academia): “Furthermore, English is the dominant language of academia and scientific research.”
- Supporting 3 (Career): “Finally, English skills are increasingly essential for career advancement.”
- Concluding: “Without a doubt, investing time in learning English is one of the smartest decisions a person can make.”
Exercise 3：A Memorable Experience
題目： Write a paragraph describing a memorable experience you have had. Use specific details to make the experience come alive. (100-130 words)
寫作提示：
- 主旨句：我最難忘的經歷是去年夏天去海邊
- 支持句 1：看到了美麗的日出
- 支持句 2：嘗試了衝浪
- 支持句 3：和家人共度了美好的時光
Model Answer:
The most memorable experience I have ever had was a trip to the beach with my family last summer. I will never forget waking up at dawn to watch the sunrise. As the first rays of light appeared over the horizon, the sky turned a stunning shade of gold and pink, and the gentle sound of the waves created a sense of perfect peace. Later that morning, I tried surfing for the first time. Although I fell off the board repeatedly, the thrill of catching even a small wave was exhilarating. Most importantly, the trip gave my family a rare opportunity to spend quality time together without the distractions of work and school. That single day at the beach created memories that I will treasure for the rest of my life. (134 words)
段落分析：
- Topic Sentence: “The most memorable experience I have ever had was a trip to the beach with my family last summer.”
- Supporting 1 (Sunrise): 用感官細節描寫（顏色、聲音）
- Supporting 2 (Surfing): 用具體動作和心理感受描寫
- Supporting 3 (Family time): 點出更深層的意義
- Concluding: “That single day at the beach created memories that I will treasure for the rest of my life.”
Section 3：Common Errors and How to Fix Them
3.1 沒有主旨句
錯誤： 段落直接開始講細節，讀者不知道主題是什麼。
| 錯誤範例 | 修正 |
|---|---|
| First, I like cats because they are cute. Second, cats are easy to take care of. Third, cats are quiet. | There are several reasons why I prefer cats to dogs as pets. First, I like cats because they are cute. Second, cats are easy to take care of. Third, cats are quiet. In conclusion, cats make wonderful companions. |
3.2 主旨句太寬泛
| 錯誤範例 | 問題 | 修正 |
|---|---|---|
| Food is important. | 什麼方面的食物？為什麼重要？ | Eating a balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health. |
3.3 支持句不相關
| 錯誤範例 | 問題 |
|---|---|
| Topic: Exercise is important. → Supporting: I like to watch movies on weekends. | 看電影與運動的重要性無關 |
修正原則： 每個支持句都必須直接回應主旨句。
3.4 缺乏過渡詞
錯誤： Reading is beneficial. It improves vocabulary. It reduces stress. It helps you learn about the world.
修正（加入過渡詞）： Reading is beneficial for several reasons. First, it improves vocabulary. Second, it reduces stress. Finally, it helps you learn about the world.
3.5 沒有結論句
錯誤： 段落以細節結束，沒有收束。
修正： 在段落最後加一句總結或重申主旨。
3.6 常見文法錯誤
| 錯誤類型 | 錯誤範例 | 修正 |
|---|---|---|
| 主謂不一致 | He like coffee. | He likes coffee. |
| 時態不一致 | Yesterday I go to school and I see my friend. | Yesterday I went to school and I saw my friend. |
| 句子片段 (Fragment) | Because I was tired. | I stayed home because I was tired. |
| 逗號連接 (Comma Splice) | It was late, I went to bed. | It was late, so I went to bed. / Because it was late, I went to bed. |
| 流水句 (Run-on) | I love music I listen to it every day. | I love music. I listen to it every day. |
3.7 段落寫作自檢清單
寫完段落後，用以下清單檢查：
- 是否有明確的主旨句 (Topic Sentence)？
- 是否有至少三個支持句 (Supporting Sentences)？
- 支持句是否直接回應主旨句？
- 是否使用過渡詞 (Transition Words) 連接句子？
- 是否有結論句 (Concluding Sentence)？
- 主謂是否一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)？
- 時態是否一致 (Tense Consistency)？
- 是否有句子片段或流水句？
- 拼字是否正確？
段落寫作要訣
- 先寫主旨句，確定方向
- 每個支持句只講一個要點
- 用過渡詞標示邏輯順序
- 結論句不要引入新觀點
- 寫完後朗讀一遍，檢查通順度
- 控制字數在要求範圍內
導航
Previous: W01 基礎寫作-句子建造 | Next: W03 學測翻譯-中翻英技巧